The Dynamic Relationship Between Bullying And Negative Emotion Among Adolescents:The Role Of Family Intimacy And School Connectedness

Adolescence is not only a critical period for the all-round development of an individual’s body and mind but also a stormy period before mental maturity.Previous studies have found that bullying has a high incidence in rate in adolescence,and bullying and negative emotions often occur together,which affect the physical and mental health of adolescents.An in-depth study of the potential law and mechanism of bullying and negative emotion in adolescents is of great significance for preventing and intervening in bullying and negative emotion and ensuring teenagers safety and healthy growth.Based on the integration of developmental contextualism,the transactional model,the interpersonal risk model,and the symptom-driven model,this study examines the basic characteristics and development trend of bullying and negative emotions in adolescents and further explore the impact of their common development trajectory,cross-time mutual prediction mechanisms,and environmental factors on their development trajectory.A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted with the Olweus Child Bullying Scale,Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale,Family Intimacy Subscale,and School Connectedness Scale from an individual-centered perspective.The first study examined the developmental trend and heterogeneous subgroups of early bullying and negative emotions in adolescents by using a linear growth model and latent class analysis.In the second study,a random intercept cross-lagged panel model,a parallel-process linear growth model and a growth mixture model were used to investigate the common development trajectory of bullying and negative emotion in early adolescence,heterogeneous subgroups,and cross-time interaction mechanism between them.In the third study,logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influence mechanisms of family environment and school environment on the development of bullying and negative emotion in early adolescents.The main results were as follows:1.Bullying tends to decrease with time in early adolescence,and there are two types of heterogeneity subgroups: the bullied high-level group(6.41%)and the bullied lowlevel group(93.59%).2.Negative emotion showed no significant development with time in early adolescence,but there were three types of heterogeneous subgroups: the negative emotion high-level group(3.08%),the negative emotion medium-level group(23.59%),and the negative emotion low-level group(73.33%).3.There is a common development trajectory between bullying and negative emotion in adolescents,and there are two types of heterogeneity subgroups: the common high-level group(4.87%)and the common low-level group(95.13%).4.Bullying and negative emotions in early adolescents can significantly predict each other across time.5.With each increase in school connectedness,adolescents are 4.484 times less likely to change from a low-level group of bullied-negative emotional to a high-level group.The main conclusions were as follows:1.Bullying tends to decline slowly in early adolescence.2.There is no obvious development trend of negative emotion in early adolescence.3.Early bullying and negative emotions of adolescents interact with each other in the development trend.4.Early bullying and negative emotions in adolescents interact negatively across time.5.Compared with the family environment,the school environment is a prominent predictive and defensive factor for the co-development of bullying and negative emotions in adolescents.