A Study On The "Crowding In" Effect And "Crowding Out" Effect Of Formal Support For Children’s Old-age Behavior

The pension security of the aged group is an important issue to actively cope with the aging of the population,and also one of the three bases to realize the Active aging of the elderly.The contradiction between the declining of traditional family pension and the rising old-age dependency ratio caused by the deepening of aging has become an obstacle to the realization of old-age security for the elderly,which objectively requires more participation of Formal support from the government,communities and enterprises in the field of old-age care.Based on this,the research question of this paper is as follows: After the formal support of social security funds provided by the government and old-age services provided by the community is added into the field of old-age care,it will have a supplementary "crowding in" or an alternative "crowding out" influence on the traditional children’s old-age care behavior,and what interactive relationship will be formed between the two and the best matching combination of pension benefits can be achieved.Based on the perspective of social support,this paper follows the method of quantitative analysis and uses the Logistic regression model to analyze the data of the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS).From three dimensions of economy,care and emotion,this paper empirically explores two important parts of the formal support for the elderly--the social pension security provided by the government and the pension service provided by the community.Influence on children’s endowment behavior.This paper uses the theory of welfare pluralism,exchange theory and the optimal matching theory of social support to understand the correlation between the first two and the latter,determines the matching combinations of the three in each dimension,and further discusses the differences between urban and rural areas.This paper makes the following findings:(1)The influence of formal support on children’s pension behavior is complex.Social security funds have significantly squeezed out children’s economic support and have no significant impact on children’s life care behavior,but have squeezed into children’s emotional comfort behavior.Community endowment service will not significantly affect children’s economic support behavior,but will significantly squeeze children’s life care and emotional comfort behavior.(2)In each dimension of pension support,there are optimal matching combinations between different pension subjects.The government provides more economic support and children provide life care and emotional comfort,which is a reasonable combination of government,community and children.(3)From the perspective of urban and rural areas,it is a reasonable combination of economic support provided by the government,more living care provided by children,and more emotional comfort provided by children.In the support for the elderly in rural areas,more economic support from the government,more life care from their children,and more emotional comfort from the community are a more reasonable combination.In view of the above findings,this paper discusses as follows:(1)Children still need to play a basic role in old-age security.At the present stage,the extrusion and substitution of formal support for children pension is not significant.In order to achieve an effective guarantee for the elderly pension and realize positive aging,children still have to shoulder the main responsibility of the pension.(2)Formal support should bring more benefits of pension security into play.Social security and community pension services not only supplement the latter,but also replace children in some dimensions.Further improving the formal support for the aged can improve the level of pension security for the elderly.(3)The dual development of urban and rural areas is an important reason affecting the old-age security.There are significant differences in the influence of social security payment and community endowment service on children’s endowment behavior in urban and rural areas.In the future pension security system construction,pay attention to urban and rural coordination is conducive to the protection of the vital interests of the entire elderly.