Training Characteristics And Effect Evaluation Of General Preparation Period For Excellent Cross Country Skiers In Hebei Province

Research purpose: from the perspective of sports training and sports physiology,by drawing on the relevant research results of energy metabolism of cross-country skiing in the world,to sort out the training characteristics and functional monitoring methods of cross-country skiing long-distance events.On this basis,taking the excellent cross-country skiing long-distance young athletes in Hebei Province of China as the research object,the load intensity grading model is established,and combined with body composition,blood lactic acid,urine routine,heart rate,sliding speed and other functions and training monitoring methods,it is applied in specific scenarios such as training load design,training effect evaluation,fatigue recovery monitoring and so on in general preparation training,It provides reference for the scientific training of cross-country skiing.Research methods: The subjects were 6 excellent cross-country skiing young athletes in Hebei Province.Through establishing the Z1-Z5 load intensity heart rate grading model of cross-country skiing long-distance training,the training plan for the general preparation period was designed.In the specific training model,body composition,blood lactic acid,urine routine,heart rate,and sliding speed were used to evaluate the training effect and stimulation adaptability of the athletes,and the rationality of the training plan design was comprehensively demonstrated and scientifically evaluated.Research conclusions:(1)Training period: Hebei cross-country skiers’ general preparation period training time is 6 months,which is divided into recovery preparation period 1,recovery preparation period 2,increase and increase period,decrease and maintain period,land special training period 1,land special training period 2,and the length of each mid-week varies,about 0.5-1 months.(2)Training volume: In the general preparation period,the total training volume of cross-country skiers in Hebei Province is 393.8h for male athletes and 424.3h for female athletes,of which 42.5% for male athletes is cross-country pulley training,28.4% for aerobic training,9.5% for strength training,11.6% for core training,6.5%VI for Nordic walking,3% for other training methods,38.1% for female athletes is cross-country pulley training,34.1% for aerobic training,9.3% for strength training11.4% are core training,6.1% are Nordic walking,and 1% are other training methods.Among them,cross-country pulley training accounts for the largest proportion,followed by aerobic training.Through the accumulation of training volume in the general preparation period,it can improve the adaptability of athletes in the next special preparation period and competition period of high-intensity training.(3)Training load intensity: male athletes Z1 intensity is 32%,Z2 intensity is 31%,Z3 intensity is 23%,Z4 intensity is 11%,Z5 intensity is 3%,female athletes Z1 intensity is 33%,Z2 intensity is 31%,Z3 intensity is 21%,Z4 intensity is 12%,Z5 intensity is 3%.The load intensity of male and female athletes is basically the same,and the general load intensity in the preparation period is mainly low intensity training.(4)Training methods and means: Hebei cross-country skiers mainly adopt continuous training method and cycle training method during the general preparation period.Adopt low-intensity aerobic continuous training,and multiple groups of circular strength and core training for circular training.(5)Physical function monitoring: body weight,BMI,percentage of fat,body fat,degreased weight and muscle mass all increased,maximum heart rate,morning pulse and blood lactic acid decreased,and hemoglobin decreased with the increase of training load.In the general preparation period,the hemoglobin of male athletes was around 15g/dl,and that of female athletes was around 12g/dl.In the routine urine test,urinary bilinogen,white blood cells,protein,and occult blood indicators were positive,All are within the normal range.(6)After the training in general preparation period,the athletes’ performance in sports quality test has been improved,the physical reserve in recovery preparation period has been increased,and a large number of technical movement exercises have been carried out in the special training period on land,which can improve the sports performance in the competition period.In addition,the improvement of the maximum strength of the upper and lower limbs and the strength endurance of the upper limbs also have an impact on the competition results to a certain extent.