Research On The Impact Of Trade Opening On The Quality Of Employment In China

Employment is the biggest livelihood project.The expansion of employment capacity reflects the rapid growth of China’s economy,and improving the employment structure and ultimately improving the quality of employment has become an inherent requirement for promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy and stabilizing the people’s better life.At the same time,in the era of the deepening development of global economic integration,China has continued to increase the opening to the outside world at a higher level and with a higher quality,constantly expanding the fields and levels of opening,deeply optimizing and improving the technological innovation ability of enterprises,increasing the demand for labor with different skill levels,improving the employment structure,and thus affecting the quality of employment.But at present,the overall level of employment quality of China’s labor force is still low.In order to cope with this situation,trade opening up,as a lasting driving force for China’s social and economic development,is of great significance to fully explore and tap its positive employment quality impact effect.Therefor,based on factor endowment theory,foreign trade multiplier theory,endogenous economic growth theory and human capital theory,this paper combs out the impact mechanism of trade openness on employment quality and puts forward research hypotheses.Then,the macro-data related to the theme is used to analyze the current situation of China’s trade openness and employment quality,which lays a realistic foundation for the discussion of the following empirical conclusions.In the empirical part,I use the micro-data of the China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)in 2016,2018 and2020 to match the macro-data of the corresponding years,and a fixed-effect model was constructed,while studying the impact of the overall level and sub-dimensions of trade openness on employment quality,the temporal trend of the effect was analyzed,and then the heterogeneity of the effect of trade openness on the employment quality of workers was discussed according to different factor standards on the basis of benchmark regression,and the mediating effect of human capital was explored and confirmed.Finally,the robustness test of the conclusions is carried out by using the methods of trade opening lag period,instrumental variable method,adjusting the sample period and increasing variables.It is found that the overall development of trade openness and employment quality is good,but there are obvious differences in various dimensions and regions.The overall level of trade openness and export trade will significantly improve the quality of employment,while the impact of import trade is not obvious.Due to the impact of the external environment,under the trend of time dynamics,the effect of trade openness on employment quality will be changed;The effects of employment quality induced by trade openness are heterogeneous across regions,urban and rural areas,skill levels,and gender;Human capital as an intermediary mechanism opens up trade and improves the quality of employment.According to the research conclusions,this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions based on three aspects: first,expand the total scale of trade opening-up,continuously optimize the structure of trade products,increase the employment quality improvement effect of export trade,actively play the positive influence of imported intermediate goods and capital goods,and promote the coordinated development of regional economy;Second,break down existing institutional barriers and outdated ideas,smooth labor mobility channels,continue to improve the employment service system,and strengthen the protection of workers’ rights and interests;Finally,attach importance to the improvement of human capital,give play to the main function of government education,increase investment in education,guide enterprises to pay attention to the re-education and training of employees,and improve workers’ awareness of the autonomy of human capital stock.