| Research Purpose: In professional basketball leagues,the officiating ability of referees plays a crucial role in ensuring fairness and justice,maintaining the healthy development of professional basketball leagues,and promoting high-quality professional basketball competitions.The officiating level also directly affects the attractiveness of professional basketball leagues.The Last Two Minute(L2M)officiating reports can reflect the correctness of judgments in critical moments and serve as an important assessment of referees’ officiating abilities.Based on this,this study focuses on the officiating data of the last two minutes in the2021-2022 season L2 M reports,combined with video observations to analyze the refereeing situation in the L2 M reports,explore the causes of wrong judgments,and provide reference and guidance for the future CBA league refereeing and training.Research Methods: This paper uses the L2 M reports as the basis,first using video observation to collect and organize the officiating data of all referees in the last two minutes of the 2021-2022 season L2 M reports.Based on this,literature review,mathematical statistics,expert interviews,and case analysis methods are used to statistically analyze the refereeing situation in the L2 M reports and compare the officiating situation of referees in different categories.Video replays combined with L2 M reports are used to analyze the causes of severe misjudgments.Research Results:(1)The 2021-2022 CBA season adopts a tournament system without home and away games.The regular season is concentrated in four regions: Zhuji,Changchun,Shenyang,and Shunde,with the playoffs in the Nanchang region.The games are held without spectators to avoid external interference on referees.Most referees are aged between 30 and 50 years old;the majority are national-level referees,followed by active and non-active international-level referees.Most of them have officiated for 10-14 years,with an average of 10.42±3.54 years.In the games that triggered L2 M reports,there were 45 referees,of which 46.67% were national-level referees and 53.33% were international-level referees.(2)In the 2021-2022 CBA season,a total of 54 L2 M reports were issued by the league officials,with a total of 242 reviews conducted.The accuracy rate was 87.19%,with an error rate of 5.37% and an omission rate of 7.44%.The playoffs’ accuracy rate was 90.48%,significantly higher than the regular season by 3.98%(P<0.05),while the error rate and omission rate were 0.74% and 3.24% lower than the regular season,respectively,without significant differences(P? 0.05).(3)A total of 11 types of fouls were reviewed in the L2 M reports of the 2021-2022 CBA season,including personal fouls,violations,offensive fouls,Scramble for the ball,instant replay requests,technical fouls,double fouls,coach challenges,unsportsmanlike conduct,canceled points,and initiate active abandonment process.The top three reviewed foul types were personal fouls,violations,and instant replay requests,with accuracy rates of 91.38%,55.56%,and 100% respectively.(4)In the 2021-2022 CBA season,the Last Two Minutes(L2M)report showed that international-level referees had a correct judgment rate of 90.76%,14.9% higher than national-level referees,while their misjudgment rate and missed call rate were 6.53% and8.36% lower,respectively.Referees with ≥15 years of experience had the highest correct judgment rate of 96.72%,which was 8.93% and 22.72% higher than referees with 10-14 years and <10 years of experience,respectively.The chief referee had the highest overall correct judgment rate of 97.25% among the three categories of referees during critical moments,7.14% and 27.76% higher than the first and second assistant referees,respectively,and had the lowest misjudgment and missed call rates among the three categories.(5)In the 2021-2022 CBA season L2 M report,17 severe error cases were selected.Among them,six misjudgments involved four cases of personal fouls,one case of initiate active abandonment process,and one case of an offensive foul.Eleven missed calls involved six cases of violations and five cases of personal fouls.Research conclusions:(1)The correct judgment rate of CBA referees during crucial moments in regular-season games was lower than the official requirement of 90% or higher,with many misjudgments and missed calls.However,the correct judgment rate in the playoffs reached over 90%.This is because referees with higher technical levels and longer officiating experience were selected for the playoffs,resulting in relatively stable officiating abilities during critical moments.(2)There are differences in the officiating abilities of different categories of referees.The correct judgment rate during critical moments increased with higher technical levels and officiating experience.Referees with less than 10 years of experience need to improve their observation,catching ability,on-site psychological quality,and judgment discernment ability.The chief referee and first assistant referee had high correct judgment rates during critical moments and performed steadily,while the second assistant referee had a significantly higher misjudgment rate during critical moments.(3)Severe error cases mostly occurred in regular-season games.The main causes of misjudgments were limited field of vision,inappropriate positioning,limited attention range,improper timing and route of movement,inconsistent judgment degrees,and insufficient understanding of some rules. |
