Differences In Self-rated Health Among Chinese Elderly From The Perspective Of Gender

Since the 21 st century,the aging problem has become increasingly prominent in China.The Party and the government attach great importance to the aging work.The 18 th National Congress proposed to actively respond to the aging population,and the 19 th National Congress proposed to build a policy system and social environment for the elderly,filial piety and respect for the elderly.The Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan emphasizes the need to pay special attention to the health needs of key groups such as women and children,the elderly,the disabled and low-income people,and strive to create a good living environment for the elderly to promote their healthy development.Therefore,people have been concerned about the health problems of old age.From a gender perspective,although it has long been accepted that women live longer than men,a longer life does not necessarily mean good health.Health is not only physical health,but also mental health and social resilience.In this context,it is of practical significance to analyze the gender difference of health level in the elderly to promote healthy aging in our country.Based on the data of the National Health Tracking Survey of the Elderly(CLHLS)of Peking University from 2000 to 2018,this study combined concepts and theories and found through descriptive statistical analysis that the proportion of "very good" and "very poor" self-rated health of the elderly population in China was relatively low,while the proportion of the elderly with average self-rated health was the highest.This result provides us with valuable information that can help us better understand the health status of older adults.From the perspective of gender,the self-rated health status of the elderly is generally better than that of the elderly.To better understand the self-rated health status of the elderly,we applied the multi-classification Logstic regression model.The results show that,Income level,loneliness,urban-rural difference,happiness,BADL and illness all had significant effects on the self-rated health status of the elderly.Finally,based on the longitudinal trajectory Interactive tree model(IT-LT)and combined with the gender characteristics of the elderly population,the self-rated health of the elderly was analyzed from the perspective of gender,and the following results were obtained:(1)Overall,there are gender differences in self-rated health,and the self-rated health of male group is better than that of female group.In the group who could not carry out basic activities of daily living,the self-rated health values of men and women showed an alternating trend of fluctuation,and there was no significant difference in self-rated health between men and women.When men and women were able to carry out basic activities of daily living and had average income levels,the self-rated health of men and women was significantly different in the group with low happiness level.Among those who can perform basic activities of daily living and have higher income levels,women’s self-rated health is better than men’s to some extent,although there are some fluctuations between men and women.(2)The degree of pleasure and the level of income have a greater impact on the elderly female group.High degree of pleasure or high level of income will have a positive impact on the self-rated health of the elderly female group.The ability of daily living activities and income level also have a certain impact on the self-rated health of male group.When the ability of daily living activities cannot be carried out or the income level is high,the self-rated health of male group has a certain negative performance.Finally,based on the above research results,we suggest that the government,families and society should make joint efforts to provide adequate security for the elderly and pay attention to their health.Narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and improving the medical service system in rural areas;Pay attention to women’s self-rated health status and promote their healthy physical and mental development;We will strengthen the economic security of the elderly people living in poverty,so that they can receive adequate support and gain more spiritual comfort.