Research On Cultivation Path Of Professional Key Competencies Of Higher Vocational Students

The development and transformation of the society in the information age have new requirements for high-quality talents.It has become a common sense in the domain of education to carry out education and teaching reform with the goal of high-quality professional key competencies,especially in the domain of employment-oriented vocational education.The professional key competencies is the most significant thing that relates to students’ employment and industry development.Training professional key competencies is a main part of higher vocational education.At present,the concept of professional key competencies has a long history.Higher vocational colleges have been exploring and trying to cultivate it,but the effect is not satisfactory.In fact,the cultivation and improvement of professional key competencies is the result of the cooperation of many factors,such as educational concepts,educational resources,and students’ subjective initiative,rather than the single effect of a single factor.At the moment,the vital issue is to find the best combination of factors for high-quality training of professional key competencies,and explore the complex collaborative relationship between different elements in the process of professional key competencies cultivation,which is of great value to comply with the policy orientation,reduce the gap between the ability of employers and graduates,and adhere to the quality-based concept of higher vocational education.This study determines the constituent indicators of professional key competencies on the basis of theoretical,practical and policy,clarifies the question of "what to cultivate" at the logical starting point of professional key competencies training,and identifies the influencing factors of professional key competencies training through the double test of theory and empirical.On the basis of clarifying the constituent indicators of professional key competencies and cultivating influencing factors,the model of influencing factors is built to provide a theoretical framework for the research of cultivation path and lay a theoretical basis for solving the problem of "how to cultivate".On the issue of "how to cultivate",this study took 16 higher vocational colleges in Shandong Province as samples,supported by the theoretical framework of influencing factors,innovative uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fs QCA)to study the effective training path of professional key competencies and the key conditions that need to be focused on in the training process,and explores the educational concept,resource endowment,activity situation,student subject,supervision and evaluation and education ecology,as well as the comprehensive effect on the cultivation of professional key competencies.The research finds that:(1)The paths to achieve high-quality cultivation of professional key competencies of vocational students include: "comprehensive promotion training path","situational driving training path","supervision and incentive training path",and "collaborative education training path".(2)Supervision,evaluation and education ecology are the key conditions for high-quality cultivation of professional key competencies.(3)The occurrence rate of activity situational factors in the high-quality training path of professional key competencies is very high,which is an important training factor.(4)The empirical results show that the educational concept is an unnecessary factor in each high-quality training path,and it has not yet played a due role and important value in the formation of professional key competencies.(5)The different dimensions under the professional key competencies: professional ideal,professional awareness,professional key and professional ethics.Their training methods and paths are different,with different emphasis.(6)The factors that affect the quality of professional key competencies cultivation have substitutability.In other words,the formation is the result of multiple factors,not a single factor.Therefore,higher vocational colleges can focus on the following points under the guidance of situational learning theory: first,focus on and grasp the core elements in training,improve the education ecology to help coordinate the cultivation of people,improve the supervision and evaluation mechanism to promote the landing of literacy,and create an immersive activity situation to improve professional key competencies;Secondly,they should further optimize and refine education concepts and promote their implementation,so that the role of education concepts can be truly played;Finally,we should pay full attention to various training elements and optimize the overall training environment of professional key competencies.