Research On The Relationship Between Stakeholders Of Scientific Research Funding In American Research Universities

The scientific research development of American research universities is in a leading position in the world’s higher education system,and its scientific research funds come from the federal government,industry,private foundations,non-profit organizations and other channels.Sufficient scientific research funds are an important material basis for the development of research universities.In order to balance the interests of research funding,American research universities have made many efforts and achieved remarkable results at the conceptual and institutional levels.Based on this research,this study brings certain enlightenment to the balance of interests in research funding of research universities in China.The first chapter is the evolution of stakeholder pattern of research funding in American research universities.The changes in the pattern of stakeholders in the process of research funding in American research universities reflect the interest game,which is embodied in the privately funded scientific research system,the golden period of federal funding to universities,the emergence of the logic of the university research funding market,and the funding system in which"government-university-enterprise" participates,and the stakeholder pattern of scientific research funding has different performances in different periods.The second chapter is the interactive analysis of stakeholders in research funding activities of American research universities.This chapter mainly introduces the legal basis and rationality basis for the formation of the relationship between the interests of research funding in research universities,and on this basis,the interests of the stakeholders of scientific research funding are analyzed,including the national interest orientation funded by the federal government,the economic interest orientation of industry-academia cooperation,the scientific philanthropic concept orientation of charitable donations,and the orientation of academic responsibility of universities.In addition,there are conflicts of interest in research funding activities such as political interference in academic freedom of universities,conflicts of cooperation between universities and industry,and survival of the fittest in research funding.The third chapter is the balanced strategies for stakeholders in research funding of American research universities.In order to realize the interests of stakeholders and alleviate conflicts of interest,American research universities have implemented a non-institutional and institutional balance of interest relations.The non-institutional balance of interest relations includes the construction of scientific research ethics by scholars and the social responsibility of universities;the balance of institutional interest relations includes the organizational support of scientific research funding,the conflict of management system,the scientific research funding supervision system and the academic autonomy maintenance system.The fourth chapter is the enlightenment of research funding for research universities in China.China’s research universities should first promote the participation of stakeholders in governance,not only raise scientific research funds through multiple channels,but also commit to the realization of the interests of stakeholders.Secondly,it is necessary to maintain the balance of interests of stakeholders,improve the scientific research integrity awareness of university researchers,avoid conflicts of interest,establish a service-oriented scientific research management organization,pay attention to the balance of power,form a systematic funding management system,and improve management efficiency.