Study On The Changes Of The Orientation Of Doctoral Education In Japan

With the rapid development of information technology and knowledge economy,the relationship between doctoral education and politics,economy and society is closer than ever.As the center of knowledge production,doctoral education diffuses from the ivory tower and doctoral graduates overflow from academic career.But in fact,whether the current doctoral education meets the actual needs,what kind of changes the doctoral training needs,and what kind of specifications of doctoral students should be trained in the future,the problem focuses on one point,how to clarify the orientation of doctoral training.Japan’s doctoral education originated in the late 19 th century.After more than 100 years of development and reform,it has become the core position of Japan’s high-level personnel training,and is more integrated into the blueprint of national development.Taking the orientation of doctoral education in Japan as an entry point,this paper studies its development and changes,and summarizes the logical characteristics of changes,which can bring enlightenment to the development of doctoral education in China.This paper uses the methods of historical research,literature research and case analysis to study the changes of the orientation of doctoral education in Japan.It is found that the orientation of doctoral education in Japan has changed from "national official","discipline guard" to "independent researcher" and then to "knowledge expert leader".Based on the analysis of the policy background of each stage and from the perspective of policy,this paper holds that the contradiction between the orientation of special events in the period of economic and social change and the internal policy demand and supply of doctoral education become the problem stream in the process of change;the discussion of the internal and external policy community of the education system forms the policy stream of change;the change of government power and the public’s emotional appeal become the political stream of change,and the three streams interweave to open the window of policy and make the change happen.On this basis,we choose the enrollment selection,scientific research guidance and degree award as the observation points of the entrance,process and exit of doctoral training,to explore the impact of changes.At the same time,it summarizes the changes in the status and role,scale and structure,quality and efficiency of doctoral education in different stages,and summarizes the stage characteristics of government-university relationship,industry-university relationship,internationalization and localization in the development of doctoral education in different stages.Based on the current new stage of training "knowledge expert leader",and based on its specific connotation,taking Kyoto University,Tokyo University and Nagoya University as cases,this paper discusses the training concepts and specific measures of three universities in promoting the substantialization of postgraduate education,improving the international level of doctoral education and linking the regional development of government,industry and university,and reveals the path of doctoral education in Japan trends.Finally,it summarizes the logical characteristics and experience enlightenment of the change of the orientation of doctoral education in Japan.The research finds that the main body of the change is the participation of the government,industry and university,the motive force of the change is the interaction of the three streams,the change mode is mandatory from top to bottom,and the change path is self strengthening and gradual.Through the study of the changes in the orientation of doctoral education in Japan,we can learn that in the future reform of doctoral education in China,we need to improve the construction of doctoral education policy system,consolidate the foundation of the development of doctoral education system;cooperate with the government,industry,university and other stakeholders to grasp the strategic opportunity of doctoral education reform;adhere to the essence of doctoral education academic research,promote the appropriate change of the connotation of the orientation of doctoral education;based on the reality of domestic doctoral education,compatible with international experience and innovative local practice.