From “Being For Others” To “Being For Itself”:Transcendence And Practice Of Student Subject Form

The idea of “regard student as subject” education aims at the disadvantages of ignoring students’ subjectivity and teachers’ absolute authority in traditional teaching in the past,and faces students’ position in education and classroom teaching again.In the process of the practice and implementation of the idea of “regard student as subject”,compared with the teaching of suppressing students’ subjectivity in the past,great progress has been made in establishing and developing students’ subjectivity,but there are still some problems.In theory,we reveal more and more about the students’ necessity and reality as the subject,but there is no unified cognition and consensus.In practice,many teachers’ subjective development of students is not very ideal due to the lack of traditional teaching concept,theory understanding and execution.Therefore,this paper grasps the shortcomings of previous studies,attempts to demonstrate the necessity and reality of students as subjects from both theoretical and empirical aspects,finds problems based on the practice status of the idea of “regard student as subject”,at the same time gives a new interpretation of the idea of “regard student as subject”,and reveals its formation by analyzing the conditions of becoming “subject being-for-itself”.And put forward the reasonable teaching way.This paper is divided into five parts:Part Ⅰ: Introduction.In this part,the reason,significance,purpose,method and innovation of the topic are discussed,and the relevant researches on “subject”,“subjectivity”,“regard student as subject ” and practical epistemology are analyzed and summarized,so as to provide research direction and theoretical basis for this research.Part Ⅱ: Explains the theory of “regard student as subject”.In this part,it is demonstrated from two parts: theoretically and empirically.Firstly,it sorts out the argumentations of philosophers on “man is the subject” from the history of philosophy theoretically,and confirms that man is the subject relative to the objective world from the continuous development of human self-consciousness,thereby confirming the appropriateness of students as subjects.Empirically,through the performance of students in the actual teaching process,the interaction between teachers and the same subject,in the activities of the object of learning materials,and the role of students’ consciousness in the practice activities,this paper demonstrates the subject position of students in education and teaching.Part Ⅲ: Finding and analyzes the problems of “regard student as subject” idea in practical teaching.In this part,through the analysis of typical cases,the problems arising from the idea of “regard student as subject” in practice are found out.Through sorting out the problems,the attribution analysis is carried out to find out the reasons for the concept deviation in the practice process.Part Ⅳ:Explaining the concept of “regard student as subject”.In this part,the concept deviation of “subject being-for-others” is completely explained.The concept of “regard student as subject” ultimately cultivates the “subject being-for-itself”.Therefore,this part explains the concept from Marxist anthropology and pedagogy,and points out the practical superiority,characteristics and performance of “subject being-for-itself”.Part Ⅴ: Revealing the generation mechanism of student “subject being-for-others” and puts forward the corresponding teaching approaches.The key to analyzing the conditions of student-generated self-centeredness,in order to highlight the practical nature of learning and development activities and to allow students to learn and develop through practical participation,is to create real and qualitative practical activities for students,pointing out that their characteristics are realism,rationality and creativity,and that the elements are based on real things,core issues,and a larger concept as the core,respectively.This study is conducive to further clarifying the connotation of student subject,deepening the understanding of the pedagogical commitment of "regard student as subject",and enriching the theoretical study of student subject.At the same time,this study also provides elements for creating real practical activities on how to generate self-centered subjects,which has certain operability.