What The Essence Of Teaching Ought To Be From The Perspective Of Marx’s Practical Philosophy

With the prevalence of scientism in pedagogical research,scholars have gradually shifted the focus of teaching research to the development and discussion of "tools" such as models,methods,and strategies,while theoretical speculation on "Tao" such as ideas,essence,and values has gradually declined.This trend has led to the gradual loss of reflection and exploration on "what is teaching".The "Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education(2022 Edition)" issued by the Ministry of Education in 2022 explains the new concept of "attaching importance to practical value and emphasizing core literacy",which has once again set off a wave of research and teaching in the educational field.The theoretical construction of teaching theory has reached a time of conscious promotion.In this context,this study takes Marx’s practical philosophy as the research perspective and the essence of teaching as the research content,revealing the common ground between practice and teaching,with a view to examining the actual dilemma of teaching essence from the perspective of practical ontology,and providing a new logical approach to teaching essence.This study uses the methods of literature research and theoretical analysis,consistent with Marx’s "human practice" logic,to conduct a profound review and critical reflection on teaching practice.The analysis found that teaching has generated a purpose that is externalized in teaching itself,dissociating their essential concept of cultivating comprehensive development of people,losing the significance and value of the most core "be a real person",and the essence of teaching has been alienated.Outside,teaching is socialized,utilitarian,technical,and knowledge-based;Within,alienation of teaching purpose,alienation of teaching content,alienation of teaching methods,alienation of teaching evaluation,alienation of teaching subjects.Various issues in the teaching world are pending,and the development of teaching is therefore in a dilemma.The reason for this is that the impact of various aspects,such as materialized social values,mediocre cultural values,and weakened educational values,has jointly led to the alienation of the essence of teaching.Specifically,at the social level that only for efficient social competitive rhythm and capital based social evaluation standard are the primary prerequisites for the alienation of teaching essence;At the cultural level,patterned cultural value psychology and familial cultural secular concepts are the secular basis for the alienation of teaching essence;At the educational level,the game between local and foreign theories,and the confusion of inheriting and innovating traditions are the internal forces behind the alienation of the essence of teaching.These factors work together to make teaching violate the inherent demands and core thrust of "being a person" and depart from the essential functions and value pursuit of "adults.".Based on the above analysis,this study takes Marx’s practical philosophy as a theoretical perspective,attempting to open up a new perspective for dispelling the alienation of the essence of teaching,pointing out that due teaching must return to the essence of practice in order to regain its vitality.Based on the core viewpoints of the four theoretical dimensions of Marx’s practical philosophy,namely,the path of life practice,the path of communicative practice,the path of generative practice,and the path of cultural practice,this paper reveals the life meaning,communicative meaning,generative meaning,and cultural meaning inherent in teaching itself,and on this basis points out the core purpose and construction path of life,communicative,generative,and cultural teaching practice,With a view to connecting theory and practice,integrating rationality and practice,building a connecting point between Marxist practical philosophy and Chinese pedagogy,and realizing teaching theories with Chinese characteristics.