| Purpose:Physical activity has been confirmed in numerous studies as an effective means of preventing or controlling aggression in children and adolescents.However,there is a lack of sufficient evidence on why physical exercise is effective in preventing aggression,especially in the specific group of upper elementary school students.Therefore,this study will focus on fitting a model of anger control and anger regurgitation chain mediating the effects of physical activity on aggression in upper elementary school students through a questionnaire survey to provide research evidence to enrich the theory of physical activity interventions to prevent aggression in children and adolescents.Methods:A stratified sampling method was used to select 1500 students in the upper grades(grades 4-6)of an elementary school in Yangzhou.On a voluntary basis,each student completed one set of questionnaires,each consisting of five questionnaires,including the Selfadministered Demographic Questionnaire,the Adolescent Physical Activity Scale,the Anger Control Scale,the Anger Regurgitation Scale,and the Adolescent Aggression Scale.In the end,1500 sets of questionnaires were issued and recovered,224 sets of invalid questionnaires were eliminated,and a total of 1276 sets of valid questionnaires were finally obtained(5 questionnaires/set).SPSS20.0 and MPLUS software were used for statistical analysis of the collected data.Results:(1)The scores of physical exercises,anger control,anger ruminant and aggression of the upper elementary school students were at the average level of the scale;(2)the scores of "physical exercises" of male students were higher than those of female students,and the scores of "anger control" of male students were higher than those of female students.In the sub-dimension of anger ruminant,the scores of "anger memory" of girls were higher than those of boys,the scores of physical exercise of 5th grade students were higher than those of 4th and 6th grade students,the scores of anger control of 4th grade students were lower than those of 5th and 6th grade students,and the scores of anger ruminant of 6th grade students were higher than those of 5th and 6th grade students.The anger control scores of fourth graders were lower than those of fifth and sixth graders,the anger regurgitation scores of sixth graders were higher than those of fifth and fourth graders,and the aggressive behavior scores of sixth graders were higher than those of fifth and fourth graders.(3)On the results of regression analysis,physical exercise explained 30.8%of the variance of aggressive behavior of upper elementary school students,anger control explained 29.8%of aggressive behavior of upper elementary school students,and anger rumination explained 31.2%of aggressive behavior of upper elementary school students.(4)Physical exercise has a direct effect on upper elementary school students’ aggressive behavior and can also indirectly influence upper elementary school students’ level of aggressive behavior through anger control and anger rumination mediating variables.Conclusions:(1)physical exercise,anger control,anger rumination,and aggressive behavior of upper elementary school students were at moderate levels;(2)boys’ physical exercise level was significantly higher than girls’,boys’ anger control level was higher than girls’,and in the sub-dimension of anger rumination,girls’ anger memory level was higher than boys’,fifth grade elementary school students’ physical exercise level was higher than fourth and sixth grades,fourth grade elementary school students’ anger control levels were lower than those of fifth and sixth grades,sixth grade elementary school students had higher levels of anger regurgitation than fifth and fourth grades,and sixth grade elementary school students had higher levels of aggressive behavior than fifth and fourth grades.(3)Upper elementary school students with high levels of physical activity,high levels of anger control,and low levels of anger rumination,as well as upper elementary school students with high levels of physical activity,low levels of anger control,and low levels of anger rumination had low levels of aggression,and physical activity not only directly reduced the levels of aggressive behavior in upper elementary school students,but also indirectly alleviated their levels of aggressive behavior by affecting anger control and anger rumination. |
