Elaborating Feedback With Examples Enhances Concept Learning

In the teaching process,how to let students quickly and quality of the acquisition of concepts is the most important teaching task.There are clear benefits to providing feedback to students during the learning process.In the long run,feedback can not only help correct students’ mistakes,but also help students reinforce concepts that are not well learned.feedback with examples is a kind of feedback,mainly refers to the feedback provided for learners in the practice stage,including example content,in order to improve the learning effect of students.At present,the influence of example feedback on concept learning is not clear,and there are still many controversies about the specific influence of different types of example feedback on different depths of concept learning,and whether the example generation quality is related to the effect of concept learning.It has been found that feedback with examples can promote both shallow level concept learning,such as memory,and deeper level concept learning,such as transfer and reasoning.However,first of all,there are too few types of the example feedback provided by previous studies.Moreover,previous studies have not systematically explored the effect of concept learning at different levels.As for the learning strategy of example generation,predecessors only used it in the learning stage,but did not combine it with feedback strategy in the practice stage,which made the research results cannot be determined.Therefore,it is necessary to further explore the influence of example feedback on concept learning on the basis of improving the types of example feedback and subdividing different levels of concept learning.In order to explore the influence of different types of example feedback on concept learning at different levels,and further explore the internal influence mechanism of example feedback on concept learning,and whether there is a correlation between the quality of example generation and the effect of concept learning effect,this study designed two experiments.In experiment 1,college students were selected as subjects,and the feedback types(basic feedback and four kinds of sample feedback)were used as variables between subjects,and the scores of two kinds of test scores were used as dependent variables to investigate the effect of shallow level concept learning under different sample feedback conditions,as well as the relationship between the quality of sample generation and learning effect.The experimental materials are improved on the experimental materials of Finn et al.(2017),which are suitable for college students in China.The experimental results show that the shallow level concept learning effect is the best under the example generation feedback condition,followed by the example keywords feedback condition,and the learning effect under all the example feedback conditions is better than that under the basic feedback condition.However,the quality of example generations has no obvious relationship with the effect of concept learning.Experiment 2,based on Experiment 1,selected example keywords feedback and example generation feedback as feedback conditions,and adopted single-factor two-level experimental design to further explore the effect of example feedback and deep concept learning,as well as the relationship between the quality of example generation and learning effect.The experimental results show that the effect of deep concept learning is the best under the condition of example generation feedback.Moreover,the quality of example generation is significantly correlated with the effect of concept learning.This study draws the following conclusions:(1)The effect of shallow level concept learning under the condition of example generation feedback is better than that under the condition of positive example feedback,positive and negative example feedback and example keywords feedback.(2)The effect of shallow level concept learning under the condition of example keywords is better than that under the condition of positive and positive example feedback,and only second to the learning effect under the condition of example generation feedback.(3)The effect of deep concept learning under the condition of example generation feedback is significantly better than that under the condition of example critical feed.(4)The concept learning effect is the best under the condition of generating instance feedback.(5)In the shallow level concept learning,the example generation quality has no correlation with the concept learning effect;In deep concept learning,the quality of example generations is positively correlated with the effect of concept learning.That is,the better the quality of the example generation,the better the concept learning effect.