How Do Sibling Gender Structure Difference Affect The Availability Of Household Lending?

The phenomenon of "value male over female" exists in our country and runs through the development process of traditional economy,culture and history.Firstly,our country has been focusing on the development of agriculture since ancient times,and individual status is closely related to labor value.The advantages of men in labor operations lead to their generally higher social status than women.Secondly,the traditional thought of patriarchy makes male descendants a symbol of inheriting the lineage and continuing the incense,which further deepens the gender preference at the family level.Finally,male offspring often take on more responsibility for supporting their parents.From the perspective of raising children and preventing old age,parents are more willing to have boys.The phenomenon of "value male over female" may lead to discrimination against women in the family and society.In the family,male tend to gain more wealth and educational resources,and have greater influence.In the society,the wage gap caused by gender differences is gradually widening,and women face greater difficulties in career advancement.Based on this,this paper attempts to explain why the phenomenon of "value male over female" is prevalent from a new perspective of household lending availability.Due to the improvement of information flow and supervision mechanism,the moral risks and reverse selection issues are generally existent,and the lending availability of our country’s family has long been at a low level.Under the influence of the informal system such as the clan network,the brothers and sisters(ie,siblings)can benefit the families and improve the lending availability to help their lending demand for family-relief and reverse choice issues by credit resource supply mechanisms or informal guarantee mechanisms.However,there have been a problem with gender inequality in large family.The traditional gender norms have given men to more rights and responsibilities,and inhibit women’s role,which may cause the positive impact of the compatriots to the ability of family lending.Therefore,in promoting the availability of lending,the brothers have a more significant active role than sisters,and this positive effect should be mainly reflected in the relationship channel like the brothers and sisters,relatives and friends.If this conclusion is confirmed,the relative weakness of women in the household lending market may be one of the reasons for the phenomenon of value male over female.Based on the 2013 Chinese Household Income Project Data(CHIP2013),this paper uses the Probit model to test the gender differences of compatriots on family lending availability,and uses gender identification strategy to process the endogeneity problem in the model.It is found that the positive role of siblings in improving household lending availability is influenced by gender structure.Under the condition of a certain number of siblings,the more brothers,the higher the availability of lending for the family,and this difference further leads to the phenomenon of "value male over female".By classifying the channels through which families apply for lending,this paper finds that under the condition of a certain number of siblings,the increase in the number of brothers can improve the availability of relational lending,while the availability of non-relational lending has no significant effect.The robustness of the baseline regression results is confirmed by adjusting the number of siblings for fixed effects,adjusting sample sizes,and changing the definition of explained variables.In the further analysis,this paper makes grouping regression based on five indicators,including the situation of the head’s parents,the head’s family ranking,the head’s special trust,the head’s family income risk and the head’s local coverage of formal insurance.It is found that families with "head’s parents living","head is not the eldest among siblings","head has strong special trust","head’s family income is at high risk" and "head’s family live in the area with low coverage of formal insurance"are more dependent on the positive role of brothers in the availability of relational lending.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper argues that the concept of equal rights between men and women should be strengthened to weaken the negative impact of gender discrimination on family and society.Further optimize the relational-network architecture with majority of compatriots,give full play to the advantages of informal system,and improve the ability of families to share risks;Strengthen the supervision of related lending activities,promote the development of the related lending market toward the direction of sunshine and normalization,gradually optimize and adjust the structure of the financial system,strengthen the ability of financial services to the real economy.Further develop inclusive financial services and encourage financial institutions to develop differentiated and customized credit products to help Chinese households get out of the dilemma of lending constraints.