The Impact Of Poverty Alleviation Relocation On Households’ Natural Resources Dependence

In 2021,the “No.1 Document” of the Central Government proposed that “a five-year transition period from the date of poverty alleviation” to gradually realize the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization.This marks that China has entered a new historical period after poverty alleviation,the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization has become one of the main goals and tasks in the current period.Poverty crucial key areas and rural revitalization of the difficult area is concentrated destitute areas,change of poverty alleviation relocation is won during China’s “much starker choices-and graver consequences-in” poverty “five a batch of” one of precision poverty alleviation project,aims to migration and redistribution survival environment of about 10 million rural poor population,solve the“soil and water raise a party” development dilemma,break the vicious circle between lack of resources and poverty,eliminate poverty and promote the balanced development of different groups.In order to evaluate the extent to which China’s poverty alleviation relocation program can solve the development dilemma of natural resources dependence and human well-being improvement,it is imperative to study the effect of poverty alleviation relocation program on rural households from the perspective of natural resources dependence.This study constructs an index system and research framework by taking the relocation of poverty alleviation from indecisive areas as the main independent variable,the dependence on natural resources as the main dependent variable,and the livelihood capital,family characteristics and geographical characteristics as the control variables.The relocation features such as relocation type,resettlement mode and relocation time are introduced.The natural resources dependence is divided into four dimensions: income dependence,food dependence,energy dependence and natural resources dependence.The index of households’ natural resources dependence is constructed to measure the level of households’ natural resources dependence,and the impact of poverty alleviation relocation and its features on households’ natural resources dependence is analyzed.Based on the survey data and the Tobit regression model,this study empirically tested the impact of the relocation plan on the dependence of rural households on natural resources.The results showed that:(1)the income dependence of the sample households was18.97%,the food dependence was 14.95%,the energy dependence was 17.74%,and the natural resources dependence was 17.22%.(2)Participating in the relocation of poverty alleviation in infeasible areas would significantly reduce the dependence on natural resources of households,and the dependence on natural resources of non-relocated households was higher than that of relocated households;(3)Relocation features such as relocation type,resettlement mode and relocation time also have an impact on the dependence of households on natural resources.Voluntary relocation,centralized resettlement and new-stage relocation can significantly reduce the income dependence,food dependence,energy dependence and natural resources dependence of households.(4)Compared with income dependence and food dependence,the impact of poverty alleviation relocation on households’ energy dependence is the most obvious.It can be seen that the implementation of the poverty alleviation and relocation policy in infeasible areas can effectively solve the development dilemma that natural resources cannot sustain the livelihood of local people,and the relocation plan will significantly reduce the dependence of households on local natural resources,thereby realizing the protection of the natural environment.In addition,there are significant differences in the dependence on natural resources among groups with different relocation features,and the income dependence,food dependence,energy dependence and natural resources dependence of households with voluntary relocation,centralized resettlement and relocation in the new stage are lower.After relocation,the livelihood capital of rural households changes,especially the reduction of natural capital and human capital.Many relocated families are difficult to quickly adapt to the life and environment after relocation.It takes a certain amount of time for the relocated population to recover and adapt,so we should strengthen the investment in continuing education,training,public facilities and employment assistance in the relocated area.This study realizes the integration of natural resources dependence and relocation plan at the micro farmer household scale,discusses the policy implications of poverty alleviation and relocation projects on rural household resources dependence,and provides new evidence for evaluating nature conservation and development policies.