A Study On The Livelihood Difference And Mode Innovation Of Migrants With Different Resettlement Modes

Relocation is a great innovation of China’s rural anti-poverty strategy;It is a strong guarantee for eradicating poverty,improving people’s livelihood and achieving common prosperity.Just like the emigration from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the emigration from southern Shaanxi Province,they are typical cases and vivid practices of poverty alleviation and getting rich through the relocation of poverty alleviation from ineasy areas.Migration is not only a simple displacement of spatial structure,but also the construction of a new spatial structure.At present,abundant research results have been achieved in China in terms of the changes of migrants’ livelihood capital under the framework of sustainable livelihood and the changes of migrants’ livelihood structure or livelihood mode under different resettlement modes.However,there is a lack of analysis on the reasons for the differences in the livelihoods of migrants under different resettlement modes,let alone the research on the innovation of resettlement modes.Under the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,this study selected Hexi District,Ningxia,the largest resettlement area in China,and divided the resettlement into two modes,"with soil" and "with soil without soil",according to whether the migrants have the right to use the land.To evaluate the effect of poverty alleviation policy by comparing the living capital status of immigrants at the initial stage with the current one.By using the horizontal comparative analysis method,taking Yongxin Village and Hongde Village in Hexi District as examples,this paper analyzes the differences and influencing factors of the livelihoods of immigrants with different resettlement modes.Based on the comprehensive consideration of the differences,advantages and disadvantages of the two resettlement modes of "with soil" and "with soil without soil",this paper innovatively puts forward a new resettlement mode of small towns with less soil,and discusses the connotation,advantages and policy suggestions of this mode.The results show that:(1)The living capital stock of immigrants in Hexi District increases year by year.Among them,financial capital,material capital and human capital have been greatly improved,while natural capital and social capital have been relatively improved.Hexi District has historically bid farewell to absolute poverty.(2)The differences in the livelihoods of migrants in different resettlement modes are as follows: the natural capital of migrants in the "land with" resettlement mode increases significantly,while the physical capital,human capital,financial capital and social capital are relatively weak.However,in the "no soil for soil" resettlement mode,the natural capital of immigrants is lost,the physical capital and human capital are higher,and the financial capital and social capital are greatly increased.(3)Resettlement policies,"policy resources",migrants’ development aspirations and the duration of livelihood capital construction are the reasons for the differences in the livelihoods of migrants with different resettlement modes.(4)The subsequent resettlement practice of Hexi District should develop the small-town settlement model with less land,which is not only conducive to alleviating the contradiction between people and land,realizing the diversification of migrants’ livelihoods,expanding the social relationship network of migrants,but also conducive to promoting the transformation of migrants’ livelihood mode to modern times.In order to improve the social and economic benefits of this model,it is suggested to strengthen labor skills training,focus on key characteristic industries,and expand regional cooperation to reshape the multiple livelihood space of immigrants.By studying the impact of different resettlement modes on the livelihoods of immigrants,this paper puts forward the idea of small-town resettlement mode with less land,which not only deepens the research on the livelihoods of immigrants,provides theoretical reference for the state to formulate relocation policies for poverty alleviation,and provides scientific and reasonable decision-making basis for the follow-up livelihood restoration and reconstruction of immigrants.At the same time,the integrated application of sustainable livelihood theory and spatial poverty theory provides a new idea for this kind of research,which enricfies the theoretical system of poverty alleviation for Chinese immigrants to a certain extent.