Study On Spontaneous Population Migration In Guanzhong Rural Areas

Population migration is closely related to the development of society,and the process of population migration is also the development process of a country and society.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the spontaneous migration of rural population in order to guide the flow of population,promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas,and build a livable,working and beautiful countryside.Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago,the spontaneous population migration in the rural areas of Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province has been active,and has distinct periodic characteristics and regularity.In this paper,Chunyao Village,a typical village of spontaneous population migration in Guanzhong,is selected as the research object.Based on the theory of population migration,push and pull theory and migration network theory,and through field investigation,literature research and case study,the characteristics and regularity of spontaneous population migration in this village since the founding of New China are studied.This paper first introduces the basic situation of physical geography and population migration in Guanzhong area and Chunyao village.Guanzhong has been the land of prosperity in Shaanxi since ancient times.The rural land is broad and fertile,and the natural conditions are superior.It is an ideal habitat for spontaneous population migration.Since the founding of New China,the spontaneous population migration in Chunyao Village,the proportion of inter-provincial migration is higher than that within the province,the geographical distribution of the emigrated population is more extensive,and most of the eastern coastal first-tier cities.Secondly,according to the number of spontaneous migration in different historical stages,the spontaneous migration in Chunyao village since the founding of New China can be divided into net migration period,equilibrium period and net migration period.In the period of net migration,population migration is greatly affected by household registration,land and other policy factors,and spontaneous migration in the form of art-flow is accompanied by a certain degree of organization.In the equilibrium stage,there are both emigrants and emigrants,and the overall number reaches a certain equilibrium.In the period of net emigration,migration decision-making tends to be rational,the modes are more diverse,the autonomous migration replaces the passive migration,the regional structure also changes,and the scope of the emigration is more extensive.Thirdly,the spontaneous population migration in Chunyao village has the characteristics of stage,agglomeration,migration survival and migration development.The main types include fleeing from famine,getting married,staying with relatives and friends,going to school and studying,and working,doing business and getting employment.In terms of influencing factors,political factors are important external factors,including household registration system,reform and opening up,population migration and other policies,and natural and social factors are important pushing and pulling factors of spontaneous population migration in this village.In addition,the individual’s age,gender,education level and other factors also directly affect whether the migration behavior occurs.At the same time,the occurrence of spontaneous migration behavior also has many impacts on migration individuals,population structure,agricultural production and economic development.Finally,according to the characteristics of the changes of spontaneous population migration in Chunyao village,combined with the general development law of urbanization in developed countries and our country’s macro-policy planning,the future trend of spontaneous population migration in this village may experience the changing trend of continuous net migration period,re-equilibrium period and continuous net migration period.Through the description and analysis of the characteristics and trend of spontaneous population migration in Chunyao Village,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the phenomenon of spontaneous population migration in Chunyao village is typical among the types of spontaneous population migration in Guanzhong rural areas,and also reflects the common characteristics and rules of spontaneous population migration in Guanzhong rural areas to a certain extent.Secondly,there are many factors affecting rural spontaneous population migration,which are mainly affected by political,economic,social and natural factors.However,there are certain differences in the leading factors in different historical stages.Thirdly,the spontaneous migration of rural population has significant stages and abundant migration types.Fourthly,rural spontaneous population migration has special historical value and era significance,which can promote individual development and social progress.Based on this,the following policy suggestions are put forward:first,respect the will of farmers,adhere to the people-oriented,guide the orderly migration of rural population;Second,we will intensify the reform of the household registration system,establish a circulation mechanism of land and residential land,and ensure the free migration of urban and rural population.Third,improve infrastructure,optimize public services,improve the quality of life of rural population;Fourth,develop rural industries,increase farmers’ income,and attract talents to find jobs and start businesses in rural areas;Fifth,strengthen cooperative governance,enrich cultural life,and improve the ability of social integration of migrant population.In this way,the village governance capacity will be continuously improved,and a new pattern of rural social governance will be created through joint contribution,joint governance and shared benefits,so as to make the countryside more livable,viable and beautiful.