Research On The Self-development Of Capital In Capital

This article is based on the text of Capital and takes the capitalist mode of production as the research object,explaining the self development process of capital from generation to extinction driven by its self proliferating nature.Emphasizing the self development of capital leads to great development of productivity,and also makes the extinction of capital a historical necessity.By conducting a differentiated study of the crisis and extinction of capital,we aim to clarify the fundamental reasons for its demise.We emphasize that the production methods parasitized by capital are historical stages rather than eternal.On the basis of fully affirming the civilized role of capital,it also profoundly reveals the barbarity of capital.Thus,refuting the effectiveness of capitalist reform and the historical eternity of capitalism,providing theoretical support for regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital under the socialist system.This paper combs the historical basis of capital generation in Capital in the direction of productivity and relations of production.On the one hand,starting from the development of productivity to the emergence of commodity and currency circulation,it is emphasized that capital is generated at a certain stage of social productivity development.On the one hand,capital generation requires productivity levels to exceed the stage of self-sufficiency,resulting in surplus labor products and exchange demands,thereby enabling labor products to exhibit value attributes on the basis of usefulness;On the other hand,it requires the development of productivity to the level of developed commodity and currency circulation,and currency begins to serve as a general representative of wealth,with production centered around value.Production needs to begin to transcend the limitations of necessary labor,with the aim of increasing value and strengthening the exploitation of workers.On the other hand,it specifically analyzes the emergence conditions of relations of production on which capital is based.The first condition is that capitalists realize private possession of means of production,and the emergence of commodity exchange has disintegrated the original public ownership,established private ownership,made this private possession possible,and made it a reality through primitive accumulation;The second condition is that capitalists achieve control over the means of livelihood,and workers can only continuously sell labor in order to obtain the means of livelihood.Once the first condition is realized,production can only be carried out in the form of capital,and the labor products as the means of livelihood can only be sold in the form of commodities.Workers who have lost means of production cannot survive on their own and must rely on capital to become wage workers.Once capital is generated,it begins the production of capital proliferation.Marx emphasized in Capital that capital is self proliferating,and the entire process of capital movement is aimed at proliferation.The production process of capital self proliferation goes beyond the value formation process of general commodity production,manifested as the unity of value formation process and value proliferation process.In addition,capital growth adopts two different production methods,the absolute value growth method of extending working days and the relative value growth method of improving social labor productivity.The focus of the analysis is that the production results of capital proliferation not only promote the forward development of social productivity,but also exacerbate the opposition between capital and labor.Accompanied by capital proliferation is a capital crisis.The economic phenomenon unique to capital production-economic crisis-is an important issue in Capital.Based on Capital,this article studies the abstract form and internal contradictions of capital crisis.The abstract form of capital crisis is manifested in the circulation and payment functions of currency,but it is not the fundamental cause of capital crisis,but only provides possibilities for it.The inherent contradiction that cannot be resisted by capital crises is the reason for the occurrence of periodic capital crises.Capital is generated in a commodity economy society,so the general contradictions that commodity economy possesses,namely the contradiction between private labor and social labor,the contradiction between concrete labor and abstract labor,and the contradiction between value and usage value,also exist in the production mode of capital.The particularity contradiction of capital makes capital crisis inevitable,and this article focuses on analyzing this particularity contradiction.If capitalists want to achieve value increase by purchasing labor commodities all the time,they must make workers who sell labor continue to exist in the market.To this end,they must establish a distribution system determined by the relations of production of capital to ensure that workers can only buy a certain amount of means of life for their wages.If they want to survive,they must constantly sell labor,which seriously restricts the consumption capacity of the working class,which accounts for the majority of consumers,As a result,there is a contradiction between production expansion and insufficient demand.For a long time,capital crisis has been widely regarded as the cause of capital collapse.However,this article,based on Capital,clarifies that the cause of capital collapse is not an unavoidable economic crisis,but rather a result of capital surplus,which is an inherent law that cannot be resisted by the self development of capital.At the same time,the capitalist private ownership and wage labor relations on which capital depends will also be destroyed by the special productivity and relations of production contradictions of capitalism,and on this basis,a new and higher mode of production will be established.Throughout this article’s research on the self development of capital in Capital,it criticizes the firm view of capitalist economists that capital is an absolute form of existence.The research on the death of capital in this paper once again clarifies that the productivity and relations of production on which capital is based have a historical temporality,which means that capital itself has a historical temporality.