The Thought Of Political Liberation In Marx’s On The Jewish Question And Its Enlightenment To China’s Political Development Road

In Marx’s theoretical domain,political liberation is an important category of Marx’s political philosophy,even can be said to have a fundamental position.Political liberation is the bourgeois political revolution,which is essentially the liberation of the bourgeoisie.The thought of political liberation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question reveals the significance and limits of political liberation,which not only has critical significance,but also contains constructive purport.In On the Jewish Question,Marx demonstrated the egoistic nature of political liberation by analyzing the relationship between political state and human,the relationship between political state and civil society,and the self-alienation of civil society,and constructed the thought of political liberation with the aim of surfacing political liberation and realizing human liberation.Exploring the thought of political liberation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question is conducive to breaking the "historical conclusion" of "freedom and democracy" of capitalism and clarifying the internal correlation between political liberation and human liberation.It has important theoretical significance for sticking to the road of Chinese political development and continuously realizing the transcendence of capitalist "democratic politics".Criticizing Bruno Powell’s "philosophical and theological action" on the liberation of the Jewish people and promoting the solution of the "vexed question" are two reasons for Marx to discuss the Jewish problem.These two reasons have intrinsic unity,which reflects the relationship between appearance and essence in the content of On the Jewish Question.Powell’s plan of Jewish liberation,which caused great waves in the German ideological circle,confused the relationship between political liberation and human liberation and provided an important opportunity for Marx to discuss the Jewish problem.The thought and behavior that material interests determine the state caused the conflict between the free rationality and the reality situation,and promoted the solution of the "distressed question",which provided the fundamental power for Marx to discuss the Jewish problem.The significance of political liberation is an important theoretical content of On the Jewish Question.Political liberation is a modern bourgeois political revolution,which has important progressive significance in the course of human history.At the national level,political liberation makes the country free from state religion,which is embodied in the separation of state and religion and the country becoming a political community.From the perspective of civil society,political liberation liberates civil society from politics,which is embodied in the elimination of the political nature of civil society and the liberation of the egoistic spirit of civil society.From the individual level,political liberation makes "man politically emancipate from religion",which is characterized mainly by the decline of religion from the field of public law to the field of private law and people becoming equal participants of popular sovereignty.The limit of political liberation is the logical expansion of the theoretical criticism of On the Jewish Question.Firstly,political liberation is not the complete liberation of human beings,but only a link of human liberation.It mainly reflects that human beings are divided into "public people" and "private people",and that religion persists and becomes the spirit of civil society.Secondly,political liberation has caused the "split between political life and civil society life",which is mainly manifested as the premise of private property and human rights becoming the rights of egoistic people.Thirdly,political liberation makes practical needs and egoism become the principles of civil society,which is mainly represented by the "Jewish spirit" becoming the practical spirit of people of all countries and the alienation of modern society becoming practical needs and selfishness.The thought of political liberation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question has a unique theoretical position in Marx’s whole thought.From the point of view of Marx’s critical theory,the political liberation thought in "On the Jewish Question" forms the foundation for criticizing the capitalist system.It breaks the human rights illusion of capitalism and reveals the alienated nature of civil society.From the perspective of Marx’s constructivist theory,the thought of political liberation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question constitutes a link of Marx’s human liberation thought.It put forward the historical theme of pursuing human liberation beyond political liberation and realized the historical transformation of the revolutionary field from political state criticism to civil society criticism.The thought of political liberation in Marx’s On the Jewish Question has important theoretical enlightenment to China’s Political Development Road.Political liberation realizes the emancipation of the bourgeoisie,which causes the contradiction and conflict between the form and the content,between the ought and the reality of the people’s political rights,and contains the essential defect of the capitalist political civilization.As China’s political development road aims to respect and safeguard the people as masters of the country,to adhere to China’s political development road in the new era,we need to clarify the importance of China’s political development road from the epistemological level on the basis of a deep understanding of the nature of political liberation,and promote the further deepening of basic theory research.It is necessary to explore the optimization path of China’s political development road at the practical level and promote the continuous enrichment and improvement of China’s political development road.It is necessary to excavate the value purport of China’s political development road at the axiological level and enhance the road consciousness and road confidence of building socialist political civilization.