| Human beings live in an environment with relatively limited resources,so they are always faced with the problem of resource allocation between them.However,the overall resource allocation of the society is usually controlled by the ruling class,and most ordinary people are unable to directly change the process and result of distribution,and there is a tendency to pursue "justice" to seek solace.The establishment and maintenance of the theory of "distributive justice" by the ruling class in contemporary China,on the one hand,conforms to the simple desire of the people to pursue fairness and justice,on the other hand,it also maintains the long-term stability of the social environment and the long-term development of its own rule.In the narrow sense,distributive justice refers to the reasonable coordination and division of the interests due to each individual in the society,such as individual members,families,collectives and other social units,after the realization of the basic rights and freedoms possessed by the nation state or society in accordance with the pre-established social system.In a broad sense,distributive justice refers not only to the distribution of deserved benefits and results as in the former,but also to its premise,namely,the ownership of the so-called fundamental freedom rights-whether individuals have equal access to the means of production,property and equal opportunities before producing and getting results.The contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the traditional political forces at the turn of the second Industrial Revolution,and between capitalists and the new and expanding group of workers,were increasingly acute.Based on this reality,the 1970 s saw the revival of political philosophy.Scholars such as Rawls published several works,including A Theory of Justice.Moreover,the issue of justice and distribution has become one of the focuses of political philosophy,and many scholars try to explore the thoughts and views related to distributive justice from Marx’s theory.Marx’s theory of dialectical materialism and historical materialism earlier extended materialism from natural society to human society.This practice-based theory also has the potential to study distributive justice from the perspective of human society.Marx’s works did not systematically explain the issue of justice,Tucker,Wood,Hussami,Buchanon and Romer,etc.discussed the issue of "whether Marx studied justice",and formed two opposing camps: "Marx is in favor of justice" and "Marx rejects justice".In this paper,Marx’s thought of distributive justice is systematically sorted out,summarized and expounded at the theoretical level,and its application in social distribution practice is explored.In the study of Marx’s distributive justice thought,we insist on Marx’s dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the ideological and methodological guidance,adhere to the unity of theory and practice,adhere to the unity of fact and value,adhere to the unity of logic and history of three research methods.Examining the social and economic composition and economic development,social class composition and political development in the formative period of Marx’s distributive justice thought and the three theoretical sources of Marx’s distributive justice thought,Combined with Marx’s classic texts "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844","German Ideology","The poverty of Philosophy","Wage labor and Capital","Economic and philosophical manuscripts of1857-1858","Capital","Critique of the Gotha Program" and so on,the development of Marx’s distributive justice thought is divided into three parts: early,middle and late.By summarizing the basic principles,decision mechanism and ideological structure of Marx’s distributive justice thought,we can understand Marx’s distributive justice thought systematically.On this basis,we can explore the theoretical influence of Marx’s distributive justice thought in several major schools and its practical value in contemporary human society. |
