Elementary Education In The Central Soviet Area (1931-1934)

The implementation of primary school education in the Central Soviet District is not a historical miracle achieved overnight,but a historical consequence of the evolution of education and the promotion of revolution since the Republic of China.In the social changes of the revolutionary era,the Central Soviet District had received some of the original resources from the Nanking National Government Primary School and ethnic studies.So far,red education had blossomed everywhere in Southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian.However,returning to the historical practice scene,the primary education in the Central Soviet Area did not develop as smoothly as most of the party history writings.On the one hand,the occurrence and development of primary education was deeply constrained by the revolutionary environment and the internal resources of the Soviet Area.The implementation of primary education encountered various problems: the shortage of educational funds and teachers,the use of some old textbooks,and the implementation of compulsory education resisted by the grassroots.On the other hand,in the revolutionary war environment,due to the differences in the revolutionary situation,environment,and tasks of Southern Jiangxi and Western Fujian,the primary differences of elementary education in this two central Soviet areas were inherently different.Therefore,according to the ever-changing objective situation,the Central Soviet District Government adjusted educational strategies in a timely manner according to the changing situation and local conditions,maximized their own initiative,and created educational brilliance from the impossible to the constant challenges.On the one hand,in the early days of the revolution,due to the fact that the existing resources were insufficient,the CCP retained the reasonable resources of the traditional society,and carried out certain reforms and adjustments on this basis,such as mobilizing school fields,using the old mutual aid habits of the masses,retaining the contents of some old teaching materials to ensure the basic operation of primary education.On the other hand,in the face of the initial regional differences,the Soviets took corresponding countermeasures respectively.Since Southern Jiangxi was the main battlefield of military struggles,the Soviets tried their best to create conditions to establish primary schools.As the rear base area in the Western Fujian area,the economic situation and the revolutionary situation were relatively stable.Therefore,the Western Fujian Soviet was ahead of the Southern Jiangxi in policy formulation and implementation,and the applicability was more extensive.In the end,the changes in the revolutionary situation brought educational goals and achievement of the two places into agreement and applied to the entire Central Soviet Region.Throughout the tortuous process of the development of primary education in the Central Soviet Area,the primary education in the Soviet Area was carried out in an environment of fierce military struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,and also in the vigorous mass movements.This means that the Soviets could use the methods of mass mobilization and social resources to serve the revolutionary ideal of communism education,but at the same time,the limitations of the central Soviet area’s own resources and the blockade and oppression of the Kuomintang also limited the scale and development of primary education in the Soviet area.Under the conditions at that time,the achievements made by the primary education in the Soviet area were already rare and could not be overly demanding.Through the development of primary education under the control of the CCP,we can also deepen our understanding of the Soviet revolution.