The Dilemma And Outlet Of American Affirmative Actions

With the development of the civil rights movement in the 1960 s,a brand-new political form based on “identity”-identity politics came into being gradually.With the change of identity politics theory and struggle discourse,it changed the traditional left and right-wing political spectrum and influenced all aspects of American society.In the first decade of the 21 st century,the concepts of ego,self-esteem,identity,dignity,self-identity and recognition have become the most prominent words in contemporary political,legal and cultural fields.It reflects that the struggle in contemporary political,economic and legal fields has undergone dramatic changes in both content and form,and constantly makes people question their identity,ego,social role and definition,which is not only closely related to economic and material interests,but also related to human psychology and communities with different cultures.Identity politics and multiculturalism,because of their characteristics of decentralization,deconstruction and culture,not only make the “subject” as social participants,that is,people themselves “split internally”,but also gradually divide and split the society into different,mutually exclusive,closed and irreducible cultural and identity subgroups.At the same time,the affirmative action,which originated in the United States in the 20 th century,was gradually influenced by identity politics during its development and evolution,and became the display stage of identity politics in the field of American law in the 21 st century.The American affirmative action has gone through four stages of development.The first three stages are from the end of the 19 th century to the end of the 20 th century.It can be regarded as a traditional narrative system of equal legal rights movement.In the first three periods of affirmative action,both the federal government and the Federal Supreme Court are committed to solving the specific discrimination problems in society,and are focused on the “cracks” of put in order’s citizenship caused by gender,ethnicity,skin color and other factors,so as to complete the goal of “identity bridging”.The fourth stage of affirmative action refers to this period since the end of 20 th century.At this stage,as a relief and correction scheme for American society to solve equal rights among different races or sexes,in employment,education,job promotion and other aspects,the equal legal rights movement is in a state of “the trees may prefer calm but the wind will not subside”.The political movements represented by BLM,“Me Too” and LGBT marked the final confluence of American affirmative action and identity politics.Both the federal government and the Federal Supreme Court,as the highest judicial organ,have been involved in this political turmoil.In the turmoil of identity politics,the affirmative action has gradually fallen into the great tearing and confusion of identification and identity.During this period,due to the gradual weakening of national identity and the rise of sub-group identity,a huge “Cyberpunk Lost City” is quietly forming,and the American affirmative action is gradually moving in the opposite direction of “identity bridging”.Therefore,this paper intends to sort out the thought and development history of American identity politics and affirmative action,and from the perspective of the development and evolution of American affirmative action,reveal how the ideological trend of identity politics influenced and shaped the contemporary American affirmative action,thus dragging American society into a “divided Cyberpunk” crisis.Finally,through the theoretical vision of contemporary right-wing liberalism and left-wing radicalism thinkers,this paper tries to find a powerful solution to this“Cyberpunk” dilemma.