| Rural revitalization requires the realization of the development goals of industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance and affluent life in rural areas in the process of urban-rural integration and development.The problem of rural development is ultimately the problem of people.The high proportion of the elderly population is bound to become the influencing factor of rural development,and rural development can not be separated from the aging of farmers..To actively respond to China ’ s rural population aging,we must fully grasp its current situation and characteristics,analyze its influencing factors,and alleviate the trend of rural population aging from the root.In this paper,the fifth and sixth census data are used to describe the current situation of China ’ s rural population aging,including time trends and spatial distribution.The actual population aging and nominal population aging in rural areas are compared and analyzed,and the spatial distribution and age structure of the floating population are described and analyzed.From the perspective of labor mobility,the causes of the difference between the actual and nominal population aging are analyzed.It is concluded that the direction of labor mobility and age structure will affect the actual population aging in rural areas.Using the relevant data from 2000 to2019 for regression,it is concluded that the more floating population,the higher the actual population aging rate in rural areas,the higher the degree of urbanization,and the higher the actual population aging rate in rural areas.According to the research results,it is proposed to reduce the outflow of rural labor force and build a multi-level and more perfect rural old-age security system.This paper mainly includes three parts.First,the current situation of rapid aging of rural population in China,the current situation of floating population and the comparative analysis of the two.This chapter mainly describes the current situation of China ’s rural population aging according to the collected data,which is the basis of the paper,including the development process of China ’s rural population aging,regional differences,spatial and temporal evolution,characteristics,and compares the nominal aging rate with the actual aging rate.Next,the spatial distribution and age structure of the floating population are analyzed,and the correlation between the two is intuitively analyzed by combining the two.It is found that the rural floating population is basically young and middle-aged labor flowing from rural areas to cities,and the influence of labor outflow in different regions on the aging of rural population is different.Aging,especially the economic and social problems brought by the actual aging in rural areas,and the difficulties caused by the aging in rural areas.2.Analysis of the main factors affecting the actual population aging rate in rural China.According to previous research results and theoretical analysis,it is concluded that the main factor causing the difference between the actual aging rate and the nominal aging rate in rural areas is the transfer of labor force.However,the factors affecting the aging of rural population include population development,economic development,social development and education development.For example,the birth rate,mortality rate,policy and the progress of medical and health conditions will affect the aging of rural population.The next step is to determine the degree of influence of influencing factor.The influence of different influencing factors is analyzed by establishing an econometric model,and the mechanism of action that affects the actual aging of rural population is obtained.3.The economic impact of the aging of rural population.There are two problems caused by the aging of rural population: first,it is not conducive to the development of agricultural industry;The second is the pressure of local pension.By analyzing the aging degree of rural population,regional economic level and coordination degree of social security expenditure,we can measure the old-age burden and pressure faced by different regions.Through comparison,it is found that the imbalance between economic development and aging is normal,and the imbalance between per capita social security expenditure and rural aging level is normal.Generally speaking,regions with better economic development have a lower level of aging,while regions with richer economic development and aging levels are younger,while poorer regions are older,and there are differences in spatial distribution.4.Conclusions and countermeasures for rural population ageing.Through empirical research,it is found that the more the floating population is,the higher the actual population aging rate in rural areas is.Combined with the data of floating population,it is speculated that this may be because most of the floating population migrates from rural to urban areas,and the age of the floating population is concentrated in 18 – 48 years old.That is to say,the main force of population migration is the young and middle-aged labor force in rural areas,which increases the left-behind elderly in rural areas and decreases the young and middle-aged.Therefore,the actual population aging in rural areas will intensify.In addition,the empirical results also show that the advancement of urbanization will lead to the increase of the actual population aging rate in rural areas.From a realistic point of view,urbanization has an impact on the population aging in rural areas by guiding the migration of rural and urban populations.When the urbanization process is accelerated,cities will have more demand for labor,which will attract a large number of rural surplus labor to cities.Due to the high transfer cost and threshold,the elderly cannot realize the migration from rural to urban,so it will cause a large number of rural young adults to flow to cities,and the phenomenon of left-behind elderly and empty nest elderly will further aggravate the actual population aging rate in rural areas.Combined with the above conclusions,suggestions are put forward to deal with the challenges of aging from multiple perspectives,comprehensively promote rural revitalization and promote rational flow of factors.Accelerate the process of new urbanization,reduce the burden of rural pension;promote social pension,improve the rural pension system;we should make up for the shortcomings of rural old-age care and improve the public service level of rural society. |
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