Research On The Generation And Impact Of "Upper And Lower Issues" In Rural Environmental Governance

Government-led environmental governance is currently the most important mode of environmental governance in my country’s rural areas,and it mainly follows the environmental governance path of "provinces-districts-counties-towns-villages".However,in this path,there are differences between the policy objectives of governments at all levels and the policy implementation of lower-level governments,resulting in "upper and lower problems" and affecting the effect of rural environmental governance.Taking the rural environmental governance of H city in Northeast China as an example,this study analyzes the mechanism and influence of the "upper and lower problems" of governments at all levels in the rural environmental governance of H city,and then reveals the cause of the "persistent"rural environmental problems.The study found that there are two clues to the formation of the "upper and lower problem" in the rural environmental governance of H City.(1)The first is the contradiction between the expression of political discourse of "both hands must be hard" and governance resources transmitted downward along the pressure-based administrative system:Facing the regional positioning and historical task of "food security ballast",The political discourse of provincial and municipal governments on food production and environmental protection"have both hands" has led district and county governments,which lack governance resources,to adopt an environmental governance method of "turning a blind eye and closing one eye",forming a A single "production orientation" leads to inefficient rural environmental governance.The township governments not only inherited the scarce governance resources of the district and county governments,but also faced heavy work constraints and the"three-in-one" identity constraints,which caused grassroots cadres to be timid in their work and often adopted "strategic strategies" in environmental governance.Doctrine" governance methods make rural environmental governance formalized.(2)The second is the"unconscious agreement" between farmers and the government’s "production orientation" in the process of pursuing modern production and lifestyles:farmers’ behavior is gradually"standardized" under the impact of regional development production arrangements and modern lifestyles,farmers are only "producers",tend to pursue food production and economic interests,lose their role as "livers",and ignore the environmental problems brought about by extreme production methods.This has formed an "unconscious Consensus",hindering the practice of environmental governance.According to the study,in areas where macro-modernization is not enough,if we want to achieve good governance of the rural environment,we can only rely on bottom-up efforts to transform the "unconscious agreement" between farmers and the government into "conscious agreement" to achieve "ecological awareness".Or "ecologically conscious".To achieve this,it is necessary to complement the role of farmers as "lifers",rebuild farmers’ daily life,reshape rural ecological ethics,and form an "endogenous path" for community environmental governance.