| Intellectual Disabilities are one of the types of disabilities.Due to their lack of behavior ability and low self-care ability,the vast majority of intellectual disabilities live at home for a long time and rely on their families to support and care.When the guardians enter the old age,the intellectual disabilities are not only difficult to take care of the old guardians,but also need the elderly guardians to continue to take care of the intellectual disabilities.The traditional "intergenerational support" pension model is difficult to achieve in the families with the intellectual disabilities.In particular,many guardians are worried," Who take care of my child when i die?" It can be seen that the families of people with intellectual disabilities not only face the problem of who will take care of the guardians when they are old,but also the difficulties of the absence of the caregivers for people with intellectual disabilities after the guardians lose the ability to take care or die in the old age.In fact,the intellectual disabilities and the guardians are two symbiotic vulnerable groups.To solve the pension problems facing the family wirh intellectual disabilities,this paper from the pension needs of the family with intellectual disabilities,aims to understand the particularity of the family pension demand,and from the perspective of social support of the family pension demand,to improve the pension service system,realize the old,weak to help,improve the quality of life,including the disabled people provide policy basis.Because the intellectual disabilities themselves lack behavioral ability and rely entirely on the care of guardians to live,guardians are the leading force in the production and life of the families with intellectual disabilities.This paper by drawing on the hierarchy of need theory and family life cycle theory,according to the guardian care ability with the life cycle evolution and weakening until completely lost process,the families with intellectual disabilities in the "old period" are divided into three different stages: stable —— decline period —— disintegration period,and in different stages,the family with intellectual disabilities has special pension needs.During the stabilization period,The guardians who have just entered the old age still maintain a certain care ability,However,families with intellectual disabilities are faced with the situation of less care power and difficult care,respite services are needed to relieve family care pressure for people with intellectual disabilities;As families with the intellectual disabilities go into decline,Guardian care is not enough to support care for people intellectual disabilities,At this time,through a joint residence in the pension institutions,the care of the intellectual disabilities and the elderly guardians by professional institutional caregivers became the most urgent needs of the families with the intellectual disabilities in this period;After the death of the guardian,families of the intellectual disabilities are actually basically disintegrated,families of intellectual disabilities with certain savings in advance through special needs trust services,to guarantee the basic life of the intellectual disabilities in the future.Accordingly,this paper deduced the three types of demand for elderly care service —— respite care services,common pension services and special needs trust services that are urgently needed by families with intellectual disabilities.Social support has long been seen as one of the main ways of helping vulnerable groups.In fact,the realization of the "old support" of the families with intellectual disabilities cannot be separated from the support of all sectors of society.Using 151 questionnaires collected in Shaanxi Province,this paper analyzes the current situation of pension needs of the families,and the influence of different social support from the perspective of formal social support and informal social support.The analysis results show that 79.5% of families with intellectual disabilities need respite services,67.5% of families common pension services,and 47.7% of families need special needs trust services.From the interactive analysis of different variables,families with guardians of poorer health and intellectual disabilities of greater disabilities,have a higher demand for respite services;the guardians of higher the education level,the worse the health condition,and the familes living in cities and have higher family income,have higher the demand for "common pension" services,and higher educated guardians,intellectual disabilities of greater disabilities,living in cities families with intellectual disabilities and more richer family have a higher demand for special needs trust services.Informal social support and formal social support has a reduced or weakened effect on the demand for respite services of families with intellectual disabilities,and families with intellectual disabilities with more help from relatives and volunteers and have medical insurance have a lower demand for respite services,formal social support has an enhanced effect on the "common pension" service needs and special needs trust services of families with intellectual disabilities,especially those with endowment insurance who have a higher demand for "common pension" services and special needs trust services.According to the analysis results,this paper proposes suggestions for realizing the pension needs of families with intellectual disabilities from both formal social support and informal social support. |
PDF Full Text Request