Norms Evolution And Value Standards:China’s Experience And Strategy In Shaping International Norms

Although China has formulated many macro-level strategic general directions for guiding and shaping international norms,such as building an international discourse system with Chinese characteristics and promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture and socialist values,there is a lack of action strategies in specific fields.The academic theory based on international norms has academic and practical significance for China to provide countermeasures in the practice of shaping international norms.First of all,in terms of explaining the change stage of norms,this paper puts forward a normative evolution model based on practice ontology on the basis of existing theories,and takes "responsibility to protect" norms as an example to explain.Compared with previous literature,the new development model has four:first,different from the previous model only focusing on the specification from the international system to the national behavior body diffusion process,the model using the theory of practice,explains the national behavior body in specification evolution of sex,more fully describe the specification contains creation,competition,diffusion,and the specification of the evolutionary process.Second,unlike previous models that only describe the evolution of a single norm,this model innovatively proposes a"value status" assumption about the structure of international norms.Based on this assumption,this paper explains the relationship between norms and the interaction mechanism between national actors and international systems in the evolution of norms.Third,different from the linear evolution model that takes normative evolution as a step by step,this model is a circular model,which is more conducive to explaining the long-term and complex reality of the constant development of normative evolution in practice.Fourthly,different from the previous static models,the "crisis-habitus" practice situation is added into the model to provide practical motivation and space-time conditions for the evolution of norms.In particular,the"crisis situation" is classified to explain the different effects of different types of crises on the evolution of norms.Secondly,in explaining the diffusion stage of norms,this paper develops the description of the mechanism of social pressure in existing theories,and takes social class as an intermediate variable to explore the relationship between international norms and social pressure.It holds that the value standards contained in international norms will inevitably produce comparison and judgment,and divide the advantages and disadvantages of a country into its opponents,thus forming a kind of social hierarchy.International norms,in turn,exert social pressure on states through hierarchical relationships established between them.In view of the value standard of the content of international norms,this paper puts forward two groups of dividing dimensions:absoluteness and relativity;Homogenization and heterogeneity.These two dimensions will lead to different forms of social class differences between countries,and then produce different pressure effects on countries.By combining the dimensions of two sets of norms,this paper establishes a typological analysis to explore the possible different responses of countries to different types of norms.Thirdly,this paper reviews China’s successful experience in putting forward and popularizing the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence through normative evolution model and normative value standard theory,and provides an explanation based on international normative theory.The five principles of peaceful coexistence,in the beginning of birth,relying on the national liberation movement and the multinational crisis of the cold war in Asia,the two overlapping crisis spread to many countries,make "sovereignty" and "peace" two value systems in Asia and emerging countries become higher order value,the value of the status at the same time the Chinese seized the Geneva conference and the opportunity of the bandung conference,promotion of the five principles of peaceful coexistence,So that the diffusion of norms quickly reached a tipping point.The five principles of peaceful coexistence until the 70 s has relativity,heterogeneous color,make China out American hegemony,unity "middle ground" of the country,after the 70 s,according to the requirements of the world situation changes and diplomatic,the principles of peaceful coexistence played down the distinction between countries,rejecting western function,timely adjust for the absolute standard of value,homogeneity,It further broadened its acceptance and became a universal and fundamental international norm today.Finally,through the evolution of specification model,analysis the evolution of the space and time condition,variable factors,the development phase,this paper suggests that China in practice to regulate shape evolution regularity recognition stage so as to grasp the initiative,to regulate tilt point as a benchmark to more countries into practice so as to seize the moment,China rates assumes that measure value to international value for those routes to demand;Through normative values and social pressure theory,this paper suggests that China setting up reasonable standard content,specification to absoluteness,homogeneous standards in expanding the acceptance of base and accepted by more countries,absoluteness,heterogeneous standard strengthen the close relationship with the target countries,and to establish a community to relativity,homogeneous standards promote countries accept enthusiasm,By setting relative and heterogeneous normative standards to compete with rivals.