Equidistant Diplomacy And Third Neighbor Diplomacy:The Establishment And Evolution Of Mongolia’s "Multi-fulcrum" Foreign Policy

Geographically,Mongolia has two neighboring countries.The survival and development of Mongolia today largely depends on the mutual friendly relations with the two big neighbors,which is the basic issue that Mongolia needs to deal with in foreign policy and also constitutes the driving force for the transformation of Mongolia’s "multi-fulcrum" strategy.During the Cold War,Mongolia had long pursued the "one-sided" policy of the former Soviet Union,forming a comprehensive dependence on the former Soviet Union.After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union,Mongolia began to implement the foreign policy of "non-alignment,equal distance,all-round" and "multi-fulcrum".On the one hand,it implemented the foreign policy of "equal distance" towards China and Russia,on the other hand,it implemented the policy of "third neighbor" to seek to establish contacts with countries other than China and Russia.This paper takes Mongolia’s diplomatic strategic transformation as the research object and focuses on Mongolia’s diplomatic practice after the end of the Cold War.This paper defines Mongolia’s "multi-fulcrum" foreign policy,which is divided into two parts:the "equal-distance" balance between China and Russia,and the "third neighbor" balance between The United States and Japan.In addition,this paper systematically reviews the historical process of Mongolia’s"multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy after the end of the Cold War,analyzes its detailed process from proposal to transformation and then to consolidation,and comprehensively discusses the motivation and influence of its evolution.Finally,based on a comprehensive historical review and theoretical analysis,this paper summarizes the challenges and prospects of Mongolia’s "multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy.