Research On The Optimization Of China’s Wildlife Conservation Policy From The Perspective Of Cooperative Governance

Wild animals are indispensable ecological and economic resources to support the continuation of human society,and are of great significance to maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.In recent years,the occurrence of public health emergencies has caused widespread concern of the government and the public on wildlife protection and public health and safety.Although my country’s wildlife resources are rich and diverse,due to habitat loss and human commercial activities,wildlife resources are constantly being destroyed.Therefore,how to strengthen wildlife protection has always been a problem that my country attaches great importance to.The government has promulgated a series of wildlife protection policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,but there are still problems such as inconsistent measures and unclear responsibility norms among the policies.The rational use of policy tools is of great significance to the effect of policy implementation.Therefore,based on the theory of collaborative governance,this paper uses policy tools as an entry point to conduct quantitative research on policy texts related to wildlife protection.This paper takes 132 wildlife protection policies promulgated at the central level from 1962 to 2020 as the research object.First,systematically sort out the development process of China’s wildlife protection policies,and divide the relevant policies from 1962 to 2020.Secondly,based on the policy development process,establish policy texts in three dimensions:"policy objectives-policy subjects-policy tools" Analysis framework,coding and assigning relevant policies;third,quantitative analysis of policy texts based on the three-dimensional policy analysis framework,from the development trend of policy objectives,the relationship between policy issuing subjects and participating subjects,the operation structure of policy tools in different periods and Finally,the policy consistency index is used to quantitatively evaluate representative policies.Combined with the policy text analysis framework and the research results of quantitative policy evaluation,an optimization strategy for improving my country’s wildlife protection policies is proposed.The research conclusions show that:(1)In the dimension of policy objectives,the degree of synergy between policy objectives is low,which is mainly manifested in that they pay more attention to the policy objectives of protection priority and strict supervision,while less attention is paid to the policy objectives of normative utilization and public participation.The correlation between the two policy objectives of priority and public participation is not significant;(2)in the dimension of policy subjects,the correlation between the subjects of policy documents is low and relatively scattered,and a complete multi-level subject participation system has not been formed;(3)in the dimension of policy tools,the degree of integration and use of policy tools is uneven,showing path dependence on regulatory tools,voluntary tools are used less frequently,and incentive and information tools have less development space and limited effects;(4)Based on the results of quantitative policy evaluation,it is concluded that the higher the policy effectiveness level,the higher the policy consistency index score,and the stronger the policy specificity,the lower the policy consistency index score,and the policy consistency index score of the same effectiveness level.The level depends on the policy content and policy field variables.According to the research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:(1)Balance the needs of wildlife protection policy objectives,dynamically manage policy objectives,and focus on time and place;(2)The government should actively guide enterprises and the public to participate in wildlife protection actions(3)Reasonably adjust the application structure of policy tools,continuously optimize regulatory tools,strengthen the use of positive incentive,information and voluntary tools,and build a collaborative governance model for policy tools;(4)Form a wildlife protection policy system with complete content and effective connection,and pay attention to the synergy between policies while pursuing a complete policy system.