Research On Chiang Ching-kuo’s Policy On Supporting Homesteaders In Gannan(1939-1945)

In June 1939,after Chiang Ching-kuo took charge of Gannan,he presided over and led a relatively influential local construction activity,known in history as the "Gannan New Deal",that is,under the premise of safeguarding the existing basic system and rule of the Kuomintang,from top to bottom,using peaceful methods to improve local administration,promote land reform,develop the economy,establish education,improve agriculture,and change customs,the main goal was to support the War of Resistance and revitalize the declining Gannan region.In the context of the Anti-Japanese War,the "Gannan New Deal" was once vigorous and covered a wide range,of which the content of supporting homesteaders was an important part of the "Gannan New Deal" led by Chiang Ching-kuo,and in terms of the specific measures envisaged and implemented,it was an exploration aimed at easing rural class contradictions and improving Chinese society.This paper takes Chiang Ching-kuo’s policy of supporting homesteaders during the period of the "New Deal in Gannan" as the research object,and mainly discusses the whole process of Chiang Ching-kuo’s implementation of the policy of supporting homesteaders in Gannan.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the Nationalist government fell into serious financial and economic difficulties,and a large number of peasants lost the land on which they depended due to the war,which led to social turmoil.In order to increase fiscal revenue and stabilize rural society,starting in 1941,the National Government held several meetings and promulgated a series of policies and regulations to support homesteaders.In this process,Chiang Ching-kuo,who was in charge of Gannan at that time,also carried out experiments in supporting homesteaders and achieved certain results.Throughout the whole process of Chiang Ching-kuo’s support for homesteaders in Gannan,Chiang Ching-kuo gradually realized the importance of solving the rural land problem to China’s modernization.In the process of implementing the "land reform" in Gannan,Chiang Ching-kuo did make great achievements while enduring pressure from all sides,but with the continuous changes in the situation,he was under increasing pressure,and the policy of supporting homesteaders became more and more difficult to maintain.In 1945,with the Japanese army capturing Ganzhou,Chiang Ching-kuo was forced to leave Ganzhou,and Chiang Ching-kuo’s policy of supporting homesteaders in Gannan also died.In the process of studying Chiang Ching-kuo’s policy of supporting homesteaders during the period of the "New Deal in Gannan," we must see not only the achievements but also its own limitations;Chiang Ching-kuo faced great difficulties even with the blessing of the status of "prince";his "land reform" in Gannan could provide us with useful enlightenment for understanding the land policy of the Kuomintang at that time.