A Research On The Negative Category Of Yongkang Dialect

Yongkang dialect belongs to Jinqu section of Wu dialect,and is a typical dialect point in Jinqu section.The systematic description and in-depth analysis of the negative category of Yongkang dialect can better reveal the true face of the negative category of Yongkang dialect,provide more corpus for the study of Yongkang dialect,and also provide some basis and reference for the study of surrounding dialects.This thesis is divided into seven parts:The introduction part introduces the research status of the negative category of Yongkang dialect,explains the purpose,significance and methods of this study,and explains the source of the corpus and the style used in this thesis.The first chapter introduces the basic situation of Yongkang dialect.The first section explains the geographical location and historical evolution of Yongkang dialect,defines the attribution of Yongkang dialect and the concept and scope of the negation system in the text;The second section describes the phonetic system of Yongkang dialect.The second chapter systematically describes the negative words in Yongkang dialect,focusing on the syntactic and semantic functions of negative words.The basic negative words in Yongkang dialect are"Fu（弗）_Bu""Wei（未）_Mei（you）"and"Na（呐）_Mei（you）",in which"Fu（弗）"and"Wei（未）"are monosyllabic negative words,"Na（呐）"is a polyphonic negative word,"Fu（弗）"is used for ordinary negation,"Wei（未）"is used for existence negation,and"Na（呐）"is used for existence negation,the syntactic functions of"Wei（未）"and"Na（呐）"are different,and they can’t replace each other."Fu（弗）"can be combined with other morphemes to form a homophonic negative word"Ao⁼（傲⁼）_Buyao/Bie""[Fuhao（弗好）]_Buhao""[Fuhui（弗会）]_Buhui""[Fula（弗啦）]_Ma","Fu（弗）"and"Na（呐）"can be combined with other morphemes to form a negative phrase.The commonly used negative phrases in Yongkang dialect are"Fude（弗得）_Buzhi","Fuao⁼（弗傲⁼）_Buyao/Bie","Fuhao（弗好）_Buhao","Nagao（呐告）_Meishenme".Based on the description and analysis of negative words and phrases in the second chapter,the third chapter analyzes and compares the differences between Yongkang dialect and Putonghua from the perspective of time aspectual and intention,as well as the differences between negative words with similar semantics in Yongkang dialect,which further highlights the characteristics of negative words in Yongkang dialect.Among them,"Fu（弗）"is used to negate habitual behaviors、events and pending behaviors,"Wei（未）"is used to negate already behaviors.However,when negating experienced behaviors and present situations,the two are mixed,this is related to the temporal characteristics of sentences and the semantic meaning of verbs.Both"Fu（弗）"and"Ao⁼（傲⁼）"can negate the will,but when negating the nominal or adjectival component,the negative word is often"Ao⁼（傲⁼）"rather than"Fu（弗）".In Yongkang dialect,necessary negation is usually expressed by the intentional-negative word"Ao⁼（傲⁼）"or the compound phrase"Nabiyao（呐必要）".The fourth chapter introduces the verb-complement structure of energy negation and negative forms of the copy topic structure in Yongkang dialect.Compared with Putonghua,the position of object and complement in Yongkang dialect is relatively flexible,and the verb-complement structure of energy negation can usually be expressed in two or more word orders.Copied topic structure is a common syntactic structure in Yongkang dialect.According to the nature of the topic,it can be divided into three types:nominal,verbal and adjectival.This thesis describes and studies the syntactic structure,semantic characteristics and pragmatic color of the negative forms of copied topic structure.The fifth chapter studies the word order of negative sentences in Yongkang dialect.The basic word order is not only affected by sentence pattern,but also by the semantic attribute of object.By analyzing the word order of negative declarative sentences,negative imperative sentences,ye-no questions,positive and negative questions,it is concluded that Yongkang dialect is a more typical topic-first type language than Putonghua,but in the negative sentences,the STV form of patient as a sub-topic is not common,which may be influenced by Putonghua.The conclusion summarizes the main content of the thesis,and points out the shortcomings of the thesis and the direction of future efforts.