Study On Porcelain Of Tianmu Kiln In Song And Yuan Dynasties In Lin’an,Zhejiang Province

The Song Dynasty is a relatively prosperous era in Chinese history,and its history of more than 300 years has left a bright cultural heritage to human civilization,and ceramics is one of its important cultural achievements.Its unprecedentedly prosperous handicraft industry and rapid development of productive forces have created a good environment for the commodity economy,and the ceramic handicraft industry has also been expanded rapidly.The official kiln was established in the Song Dynasty,and the civilian kiln flourished.Tianmu kiln in Lin’an,Zhejiang Province,also came into being under the promotion of commodity economy.It began to burn in the Northern Song Dynasty,flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty,and gradually declined to the Yuan Dynasty.In this paper,the historical origin,porcelain type,technological process and aesthetic style of Tianmu kiln are combined with the cultural style and aesthetic environment of the Song Dynasty,and the diet culture and living habits of the Song Dynasty.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis and research on the natural resources,customs and customs of Tianmu Mountain in Lin’an,aiming to comprehensively sort out the porcelain of Tianmu kiln from the perspectives of archaeology,fine arts and cultural relics.at the same time,it discusses the similarities and differences between Tianmu porcelain and Tianmu kiln,as well as the origin and relationship between them.The conclusions are as follows: first,during the Song and Yuan dynasties,Japanese monks studying abroad studied Zen Buddhism in the area of Tianmu Temple,and when they returned home,they brought back the black glazed tea bowl of Zen tea and Buddha ceremony,which was named after "Tianmu".In the later spread,"Tianmu" was gradually regarded by the Japanese as the general name of black glazed tea bowl,so that the name was later spread back to China and confused with the local Tianmu kiln in Lin’an.Second,by tracing the origin of the ancient kiln site of Tianmu Kiln in Lin’an,it is concluded that Tianmu Kiln is a comprehensive kiln factory with the appearance of Jiduokou porcelain created and fired in the Song Dynasty,including porcelain with similar appearance unearthed from kilns such as Jizhou Kiln,Jianyang Kiln and Nanfeng Kiln.Third,by taking the shape,glaze color,decoration classification and technology of Tianmu kiln porcelain as the main research object,on the basis of many field investigations and the verification of physical evidence,it is concluded that Tianmu kiln mainly produces bluish white porcelain,followed by black glazed porcelain and sauce glazed porcelain.The body soil of porcelain is not only white or white gray as mentioned in the previous literature,and its color is very rich.The porcelain pieces unearthed near the kiln mouth are beige,gray,grayish white,dark gray,black and so on.And the shape of black glazed porcelain is also very diverse,only the tea shape has an open mouth,a bundle of mouth,a convergent mouth,a skip,a bucket,a straight tube,and seven inner folds.Fourth,through the study of the artistic characteristics of Tianmu kiln porcelain,combined with the artistic atmosphere of the Song Dynasty,it is concluded that the aesthetic style of Tianmu kiln porcelain is closely related to the highly prosperous economy and culture of the Song Dynasty.at the same time,it is deeply influenced by the social life,religious science,painting literature,folk culture and other factors in the Song Dynasty.In the four aspects of shape,glaze color,decoration and function,Tianmu kiln porcelain showed its unique fresh and elegant aesthetic style,showing the high integration of material culture and spiritual civilization by the people of Lin’an in the Song Dynasty.it is not only the carrier of spiritual civilization in Lin’an,but also an indispensable part of Chinese traditional culture.Above,I hope to provide help to the academic value,commercial value,social value and artistic value of Tianmu kiln.