The Group And Spatial Differences And The Influencing Factors Of The Family Migration Patterns Of Floating Population In China

Since the reform and opening up,with the increasing demand for labors from the social and economic development of China’s coastal cities,as well as the release of rural surplus labors brought by the reform of the contract system of household-responsibility linked to production in rural areas,China’s inherent urban-rural dual structure has gradually been broken,and the labor force keeps moving from rural to urban areas and from less developed to developed areas.The main body of population migration has experienced the process from the first generation of advance floating population flowing alone to now that family migration has become the main migration pattern,which has been paid more and more attention with increasingly changing patterns of family migration.However,in the study of family migration,especially in the measurement standards of the degree of it,there are different standards,resulting characteristics of family migration of the floating population vary greatly and the patterns of half-family and non-family in family migration have not been explained in detail.In addition,studies on family migration have so far focused more on the degree and its influencing factors in China as a whole or in some typical regions,and have failed to reveal the spatial differences and influencing factors of family migration of the China’s floating population at different spatial scales in a comprehensive and accurate way.Under this research background,this paper mainly used the dynamic monitoring data of China’s floating population from 2012 to 2016 and relevant socio-economic data such as statistical yearbooks,first determined the concept and calculation standard of family migration,and then calculated the degree of family migration of China’s floating population over the years and the three types of its patterns.Then,through descriptive analysis and Arc GIS spatial technology analysis and hierarchical linear models(HLM)analysis,this paper systematically analyzed the group differences and spatial differences of family migration of the floating population in China from the multi-scale spatial perspectives such as regional,provincial and municipal areas.The influences of group characteristics such as individual characteristics and family characteristics of the floating population,as well as the mobility characteristics and the social environmental characteristics on family migration patterns under the group and spatial differences of it were also comprehensively discussed.The results of the study showed that:(1)The family types of the floating population in the inflow area of different provinces and levels of cities are in various forms,specifically the intact-family migration pattern choosen by nuclear families of second generations of long-term residence,whose proportion accounts for about half of the floating families,has become one of the mainstream patterns of floating migration,and its proportion increases with time going by.(2)There are obvious group differences in the choice of family migration patterns of floating population,and the proportion of floating population with different group characteristics choosing intact-family migration pattern is constantly strengthening,while the proportion of non-family and half-family migration pattern is decreasing.Specifically,this is manifested that the following proportion of floating population choosing the intact-family migration pattern is large: populations with basic personal characteristics of female,20-39 year old age group,higher education level,married status,Han and other floating population;populations with the basic family characteristics with 2-3 person household,middle and high-income families,high annual expenditure of families in the inflow areas,and the family life cycle stage is in the period of burden and stability,and the population with the characteristics of mobility in the province,the current inflow for social reasons,the longer thime of inflowing into the local area,and the social environment characteristics of having non-agricultural hukou,having the willingness to settle in the local area,that the location of the inflow is an inland town and the administrative level of the inflow is higher,the employment status is self-employed workers,the purchased housing in the inflow Town,and that the type of sample point is neighborhood committee with better public service environment.(3)There is a significant temporal and spatial evolution law in the family migration of China’s floating population,which is mainly reflected in the three levels of regional,provincial and municipal areas.The regions with the highest proportion of intact-family migration patterns are concentrated in the provinces and cities,urban agglomerations or economiczones such as the central and western and the northeast regions of China,and their distribution tends to spread.The halffamily migration are mainly distributed in the provinces and cities,urban agglomerations or economiczones along the southeast coast of China,and the regions with non-family migration as the main pattern are relatively few.(4)The choices of family migration patterns among floating populations with different group and spatial characteristics are not only influenced by floating populations’ own factors,but also by local actors.Both are also subject to longitudinal differences and variations over time.