Research On The Production Of Local Cloth Under The Influence Of Foreign Cloth Import In Guizhou During The Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of Chin

Due to the mountainous and humid geographical environment,cotton cultivation and handmade textiles in Guizhou have long lagged behind areas suitable for cotton cultivation and textile industry development in China,leading to the long-standing problem of "difficulty in finding food and clothing" for local people in Guizhou.Through the promotion of cotton planting and the introduction of textile technology in Guizhou in the early Qing Dynasty,the handmade cotton textile industry in Guizhou developed during the late Qing Dynasty.The traditional handmade textile of handmade fabric,based on household units,has gradually emerged as a commercial development trend for entering the market while meeting the clothing needs of their own families.It has also formed important cloth trade distribution centers such as Xingyi,Anshun,and Guiyang.However,it is during this period that foreign and ethnic capital began to use mechanized production of homespun and handmade fabric to enter the cloth trade market in Guizhou,the traditional homespun production of handmade textiles,which has been formed for a long time in the historical development of Guizhou,has also begun to undergo changes.Due to handmade fabric wear-resistant properties,low production costs,and the local people’s preference for traditional clothing,the textile industry in Guizhou suffered from the impact of foreign machine-spun cotton yarn and machine-made piece goods during the late Qing Dynasty,and both coexisted in the market for a long time.Due to the lower price of machine-spun cotton yarn compared to handmade cotton yarn and the more convenient operation of using machine-spun cotton yarn to weave cloth,the production model of " machinespun cotton yarn weaving handmade fabric" gradually formed in Guizhou’s cotton cloth production during the late Qing Dynasty.As a result,the production of "new handmade fabric " increased,the sales market continued to expand,and the people gained more profits.This accelerated the development process of Guizhou’s handmade fabric from self-sufficiency production to commodity production,The trade of handmade cotton yarn and handmade fabric gradually developed into an important commercial field in Guizhou during the late Qing Dynasty.In the early period of the Republic of China from the 1911 Revolution to the outbreak of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War in 1937,the long-term rule of local warlords seriously affected the local socio-economic development.Due to the development of the textile industry by mechanized production by domestic and foreign capital and ethnic capital during this period,the variety of machine-spun cotton yarn and machine-made piece goods directly entering Guizhou along the ports in the southeast,northwest,and northwest increased,and the import quantity significantly increased.In this process,the production mode of " machine-spun cotton yarn weaving handmade fabric " continued to develop,but the "machine-spun cotton yarn" used was mainly produced by textile manufacturers from domestic national capital.At the same time,the weaving enterprises of iron loom in Guizhou also began to sprout,and the cloth shops in various markets in Guizhou emerged widely,which accelerated the development trend of Guizhou native cloth from self-sufficiency to commodity production.However,for countless poor people in Guizhou who lack purchasing power,The long-standing dilemma of "finding clothes is more difficult than finding food" continues to worsen.The outbreak of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War in 1937 had a serious impact on the development trend of importing machine-spun cotton yarn and machine-made piece goods into Guizhou since the late Qing Dynasty,because of the occupation of a large area of the country.During this process,the development of Guizhou’s textile industry once again began with cotton planting.During the period of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,many technical personnel entered Guizhou and conducted extensive investigations on the cotton suitable areas in Guizhou.They also improved cotton seeds and cotton planting techniques,resulting in an expansion of the cotton planting area and an increase in cotton production in Guizhou.As a result,Guizhou’s indigenous handmade fabric production widely uses locally produced cotton as raw material,but in the textile sector,corresponding technical transformation and innovation have been carried out.The holding of iron loom has increased significantly,and the number of indigenous handmade fabric produced by iron loom has also increased.The industrial capital and commercial capital of indigenous cloth production have rapidly formed,and new textile workers have emerged in the textile field.