| Gong Xian is the representative figure of Jinling Painting School.Taking "Accumulated Ink Method" as the core,he created a "different surname" landscape distinct from the style of the times in his late art career.,For instance,the painters Shi Tao,Bada Shanren,Siwang and other painters of the same period,although their artistic forms were differ from each other,but the overall artistic conception was still delicate and elegant.However,.Gong Xian took the lead in painting with "black",and the traditional "black" of Chinese painting was drawn into the painting through ingenious composition and layers of erasing and overlapping ink,which made the painting show a kind of dense artistic beauty.This combination of black and white was unique in the landscape painting at that time.Meanwhile,he emphasized that ink should be "thick","heavy" and "moist" in his paintings,and advocated that "to be beautiful and old",which was also incompatible with the style of imitating ancient paintings appealed by the painting circle at that time,so he also suffered from some social criticism.Nevertheless,Gong Xian dared to break through himself rather than the ancient method to combine his inner thoughts with the observation and understanding of natural landscapes,and finally formed the "Gong-style landscape" with the "Accumulated Ink Method" as the breakthrough point,injecting fresh blood into the Chinese landscape painting world through a new form.This article mainly focuses on Gong Xian’s late landscape painting style,and deeply explores Gong Xian’s use and thinking of "black" in his late period,with three questions of why he became "black"(reason),how he became black(process),and what he got after becoming black(result).The three questions were divided into four chapters to discuss Gong Xian’s late painting style of “Know and observe all but stay obscure”.First of all,I pay attention to sort out and summarize his three painting periods of white,gray and black,then clarify his artistic context.Moreover,I briefly discuss the painting characteristics of each period,hoping to have a clear understanding of Gong Xian’s late painting style through this way of comparison.Afterwards it mainly analyzes from the two aspects of pen and ink techniques and spiritual expression,and deeply excavates the basic composition and ideology of Gong Xian’s late painting style.Finally,it deliberate the influence of Gong Xian’s late painting style in summary and expounds its help to the author’s creation. |
