A Study On Indonesian Students’ Acquisition Of Personal Reference In Spoken Chinese Discourse

Chinese Indonesian students descent encountered certain challenges in utilizing proper personal reference whilst engaging in oral communication.Based on the theory of discourse linguistics,this paper analyzes the acquisition of personal reference by Chinese Indonesian students through picture-based oral data collection.By combining quantitative and qualitative analysis,this paper summarizes the differences in the use of personal reference between Chinese Indonesian students of varying proficiency levels and native Chinese speakers in terms of referent introduction and referent maintenance,analyzes the causes of errors,and proposes teaching recommendations for spoken discourse on personal reference." The article mainly discusses the personal references in three parts.The first part primarily analyzes the forms of personal reference in the spoken discourse of Chinese Indonesian students.A comparison is made between the personal reference usage of Chinese Indonesian students and native Chinese speakers,revealing that both tend to use “singular nouns” and “numeral+quantifier+nouns” when introducing reference in spoken language.When referring back to reference,singular nouns,pronouns and zero forms are commonly employed,with Chinese Indonesian students overusing pronouns.Among students of varying proficiency levels,it was found that elementary students mainly use singular nouns for both introducing and referring back to reference,while intermediate and advanced students primarily use singular nouns and “numeral+quantifier+nouns”for introducing reference.When referring back to reference,intermediate and advanced students tend to use singular nouns,pronouns and zero forms.Pronouns exhibit an overall increasing trend with increasing proficiency,while the use of singular nouns shows an overall decreasing trend.The proportion of zero forms increases with increasing proficiency,but the problem of underuse still exists.The second part is primarily devoted to analyzing the referent introduction and referent maintenance as well as the occurrence of errors in spoken discourse.In terms of introducing characters,errors mainly involve misuses and overuses,with students often mistaking nouns for pronouns and overusing numerical phrases.When referring back to reference,elementary students tend to make errors such as using pronominal anaphora instead of zero anaphora,using nominal anaphora instead of zero anaphora,and using zero anaphora instead of nominal anaphora(redundant subjects).Intermediate and advanced students tend to make errors such as using nominal anaphora instead of pronominal anaphora and using zero anaphora instead of pronominal anaphora(redundant subjects or adjectives).This chapter argues from the perspectives of language comparison,teacher instruction,and student learning to elucidate the reasons for the occurrence of errors.The third part mainly summarizes the teaching enlightenment of personal reference in paragraph expression of Chinese Indonesian students from three aspects,including teacher teaching,student learning and textbook compilation,and puts forward teaching suggestions.Teachers should pay attention to language comparison in class,reduce the influence of negative transfer of mother tongue,increase the positive transfer of mother tongue,break the restrictions of teaching materials,and cultivate students’ textual awareness.In the process of learning,students should overcome the negative transfer of mother tongue and use the target language rules flexibly.Retelling the text and picture-based oral expression in the textbook are helpful to improve students’ paragraph-based expression ability.