Study On The "Xin’s" Concept Of Tso Chuan

As an important concept of Chinese traditional philosophy," Xin " is one of the many excellent moral codes of conduct advocated by people.The concept of " Xin," which originated from the three generations,flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period.At this time,due to the loss of the original authority of the Zhou royal family,the princes competed to rise,and the alliances between countries were frequent,which made the society a new situation.The collision and integration of old and new ideas promoted the continuous enrichment of the concept of " Xin." As one of the important pre-Qin classics,Tso Chuan records a large number of contents related to " faith " and its concept.In the past,scholars ’ research on the concept of " Xin " in Tso Chuan mainly focused on the comparative analysis with other pre-Qin classics,while the study of the concept of " Xin" in Tso Chuan alone,especially the study of the transformation from " Xin yi Shou Li " to " Xin yi Shou De" is not enough.This thesis is divided into four chapters.In the first chapter,on the basis of previous scholars ’ research,the author of Tso Chuan and the age of its completion are summarized,which lays a solid foundation for the research of this paper.Secondly,through combing the words of ’ Xin ’ in other important documents and classics of the pre-Qin period,the ideological origin of ’ Xin ’ is analyzed.Finally,the social background of the Spring and Autumn Period is analyzed.It is mainly because the ritual and music system of the Zhou Dynasty reduced people ’s trust in ghosts and gods,and the social system from the Shang Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.The different emphasis of ’ Kinship,Respect,and Sages ’,especially the popularity of the thought of advocating sages in the late Spring and Autumn Period,has seriously damaged the original patriarchal kinship,and the resulting collision of the old and new social order has made the Zhou Li gradually lose its original effect.In this context,the relationship between faith and ritual is studied with ’ faith ’ as the starting point.The second chapter,the main research ’ faith to keep ceremony ’.It mainly analyzes the relationship between ’ Xin ’ and ’ De’ from the following aspects : first,people show their trust in ghosts and gods when they worship ghosts and gods.Second,the frequent alliance in the Spring and Autumn Period showed the pursuit of ’ Xin ’ among the vassal states at that time.Third,the collapse of the rites order makes the relationship between the monarch and the minister also appear a crisis of trust;fourthly,as a concrete ritual instrument of Zhou ritual,it symbolizes the corresponding hierarchical authority.The abuse of ritual instruments in the Spring and Autumn Period caused problems in obtaining trust from people.The collapse of rites in the Spring and Autumn Period greatly reduced the binding force of the original Zhou rites in maintaining social order,and the ’ De ’ contained in Zhou rites had the opportunity to be highlighted in this case.The third chapter mainly studies ’ Xin yi Shou De ’.Mainly from the following aspects to analyze the relationship between ’ Xin ’ and ’ De ’ : First,the records of ’ Xin ’and ’ Zhong ’ in Tso Chuan mainly have two words used together to express an ethical morality,and separate use to express different virtues.It is found that ’ Xin ’ and ’ Zhong’ are different in terms of emphasis and applicable objects,but they do not have specific norms.Second,the relationship between ’ faith ’ and ’ righteousness ’ is mainly reflected in the dilemma of choice.Faith that conforms to morality is called true faith,and ’righteousness ’ is the higher level of ’ faith ’.Thirdly,’ faith ’ and ’ benevolence ’ are mainly manifested in the implementation goals of ’ faith ’,and only pointing to ’benevolence ’ is valuable and meaningful.’ Loyalty ’ is the foundation of ’ faith ’.The ’faith ’ implemented should not only be ’ righteousness ’,but also ’ Zhouren ’.In the fourth chapter,the overall study of ’ Xin yi Shou Li ’ and ’ Xin yi Shou De ’is carried out.First of all,it is an anaysis of the inevitability from " rites " to " morality." The Zhou rites formulated in the Western Zhou Dynasty contain the composition of "Zhou Gong ’s morality." When the external behavior and utensils of the rites are damaged,it is reasonable for people to turn inward for " morality." Secondly,in the process of the transformation of the concept of ’ faith ’ in the Spring and Autumn Period,whether it is from the sacrifice of ghosts and gods,from the requirements of the league,or from the political system,its internal value support has a tendency to move towards morality.Finally,as a new force rising in the Spring and Autumn Period,’ people ’ has an inevitable connection with the decline of ghosts and gods,which also makes the rulers turn their attention to the group of ’ people ’.For the demands of the rulers to comfort the people,the records of Tso Chuan tell us to treat ’Xin ’.In general,the reality of social unrest in the Spring and Autumn Period,especially the contradiction between the decline of the original ritual system and the newly developed morality,has created the prosperity of the concept of " Xin ".In this process,the relationship between faith and ritual has been declining,and the connection with other moral virtues has been deepening,which also makes the connotation of the concept of " Xin " show the characteristics of this period.