Study Of Northern Cultural Factors In The Tombs Of Zhongshan State In The Eastern Zhou Dynasty

Zhongshan State is a country founded by a northern ethnic group in the western part of the Central Hebei Plain during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods,and its political,economic and cultural records are unknown in the handed down documents,and the archaeological remains of Zhongshan State that began to be discovered in the 60 s of the last century provide data support to solve this problem.Because it is a country established by the northern ethnic groups in the Central Plains cultural area,the tombs of Zhongshan State in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty show a strong style of northern cultural factors,and also carry the cultural appearance of the Central Plains,and "The State of Wei annexed the State of Zhongshan" and "The State of Zhao perished the State of Zhongshan" are major events in the history of Zhongshan State,which have a major impact on their cultural.Starting from the burial data of Zhongshan State from the middle and autumn period to the middle and late Warring States period,this paper discusses in detail the cultural factors of northern Zhongshan State tombs,and examines the transmutation of northern cultural factors in combination with historical documents.The full text consists of five parts.The first part sorts out the representative cultural factors of the northern region,divided into funeral customs and the funerary objects.In terms of burial customs,the phenomenon of burial stones,eastward tombs and martyrdom manifested in the northern cultural belt;In terms of funerary objects,northern bronze short swords,copper fu and bronze copper patch decoration,gold silk earrings or bracelets,and jade charms;In addition,there are common animal themes or ornaments in the north,such as tiger,deer,cord patterns and other decorative styles,which lay the foundation for our discussion of the northern cultural factors in Zhongshan tombs.The second part,referring to the previous collation of northern cultural factors,combs out the northern cultural factors in the tombs of Zhongshan in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,the phenomenon of eastward stone tombs and the use of animal heads and hooves instead of entire martyrdom,and the use of bronze short swords and copper fu,copper patch decoration,gold coil silk earrings and other common northern ornaments and animal—shaped themes are also widely used in the Eastern Zhou Zhongshan Kingdom.In the third part,based on the criteria of whether there were accompanied chariot and horse pits,distinguishes high—level tombs and ordinary tombs in the Zhongshan State of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,and analyzes the differences in the retention of northern cultural factors among different levels of people.It is concluded that high—level people have always been the object of imitation by the civilian class,but their acceptance of the Central Plains culture is slower than that of high—level people.The fourth part,combining historical records,diachronically examines the development and changes of northern cultural factors in the tombs of the Zhongshan State in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.The proportion of northern cultural factors from the middle to late Spring and Autumn Period is heavier,indicating that during this period,the ancestors of Zhongshan had already come to the Jizhong Plain on the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountains and displayed the original appearance of northern cultural factors;In the early Warring States period,due to the superior natural environment and the stability of the external political environment,the northern cultural factors of Zhongshan State flourished and developed during this period;At the turn of the Warring States period,the "Wei occupied Zhongshan",which led to a sudden decrease in the northern cultural factors displayed in the tombs of Zhongshan State in the middle of the Warring States period,showing a trend of blending with the culture of the Central Plains;In the late Warring States period,the military activities of Zhao rui in Zhongshan made high-level tombs no longer exist here.The scattered northern cultural factors showed that there were still a small number of Zhongshan State relics here,which was the stage of the disappearance of northern cultural factors in Zhongshan State tombs.The fifth part summarizes the conclusions drawn by combing the diachronic changes and horizontal comparisons of northern cultural factors in the tombs of Zhongshan State in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,and reflects on the shortcomings and limitations of this article.