Research On Plekhanov’s Contribution To Historical Materialism

As a theorist and defender of Marxism,Plekhanov’s focus on historical materialism is not accidental,because historical materialism,as one of the two theoretical cornerstones of scientific socialism,is called "sociology of science" by Lenin.Plekhanov’s thoughts on historical materialism generally include four aspects:the first is the theory of geographical environment,the second is the theory of social structure,the third is the role of individuals in history,and the fourth is the theory of two forms of social consciousness.I have discussed the following contents: First,I have discussed the historical role of Plekhanov as a second international theorist and defender of Marxism;The second is to explore Plekhanov’s original contribution to historical materialism;The third is to explore the theoretical and practical value of its contribution from the perspective of historical materialism.The contribution of Plekhanov’s geographical environment theory in historical materialism includes three aspects: productivity is the intermediary link of the interaction between geographical environment and human society;The impact of geographical environment on social development is a "variable quantity";The geographical environment and the international social environment have a diverse impact on the history of nations.The "five factor formula" is the main content of Plekhanov’s social structure theory,and is the interpretation and development of his mentor Marx and Engels’ social structure theory.In the history of Marxist philosophy,Plekhanov was the first person to divide social consciousness into two basic forms or two stages of development.In Plekhanov’s view,social consciousness should be divided into two basic forms: social psychological form and ideological system form.Plekhanov’s exposition of the individual and history consciously followed the materialist dialectics and drew a clear line with the historical view of heroes and fatalism.It has achieved the development and contribution of historical materialism in the discussion of the role of individuals,especially in the discussion of how individuals play a role in history and how much role they play.Plekhanov’s philosophical thoughts,especially his historical materialism,are still of practical significance in contemporary times.His theories of geographical environment,social structure,social consciousness and the role of individuals in history,respectively,include the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary society,the materialistic historical view and social structure theory,the in-depth study of ideological system and the history of various ideological systems,and the transformation of the subjective and objective world Criticizing the western "personal heroism","historical nihilism" and other erroneous thoughts has important theoretical and practical significance.