| In October 1930,after the Red Front Army conquered Ji’an and established the Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Government,the Central Soviet Region,with the southwest Ganxi and western Fujian Soviet Regions as the core,was formally formed.As the land revolution progressed,the map of the Central Soviet Area continued to change,with the establishment of five provincial-level political regions,including Jiangxi,Fujian,Fujian-Ganxi,Guangdong-Ganxi and Gannan,and the formation of a four-tier administrative system of "province-county-district-township".However,under the background of complicated wars,what kind of geographical environment did the Central Soviet Regions form on? How did each level of political district change? How did the regime at each level function? What were the factors that influenced the restructuring of the Central Soviet Regions? Although there have been many studies on the administrative divisions of the Central Soviet Area,most of them are scattered in general or intergenerational histories,and the process of change at each level is often not detailed.This paper takes the administrative divisions of the Central Soviet District as the object of study,examines the natural and human geography of the birth of the Central Soviet District,summarizes and sorts out the process of change of the unified county political districts,county-level political districts,and grassroots political districts,and selects cases to study the characteristics of the operation of the county,district,and township regimes and to explore the factors affecting the adjustment of the administrative divisions of the Central Soviet District.The author collects historical materials such as archives,local chronicles,Soviet area chronicles,toponymic records,selected literary and historical materials,and memoirs in order to depict the specific face of the administrative division changes in the Central Soviet Area.The study found that the geographical environment of the Central Soviet Area was complex,and the level of economic development was not high and uneven,but because it was at the crossroads of Fujian,Guangdong and Gan,surrounded by mountains,with river valleys,basins and water systems,it constituted a strategic posture that was easy to defend and difficult to attack.In the unified county political region,the small provincial system to adapt to the wartime situation,the provincial county administration makes the province is both a high-level political region,but also the unified county political region.In terms of county-level political regions,large-scale adjustments such as "placement," "zoning," and "consolidation" were made throughout the entire process of the survival of the Central Soviet Union,and special types of county-level political regions emerged--The counties directly under the central government.At the grassroots level,the transformation of districts and townships was characterized by legalization and standardization,and villages became a formal level in the actual operation of grassroots power,reflecting the democratic nature of Soviet power.The adjustment of administrative divisions in the Central Soviet Area had its own complex factors,among which political factors played a dominant role,while economic and social factors also played an important role in promoting it.In general,although the administrative divisions of the Central Soviet District were frequently adjusted due to changes in the war situation,their main characteristic was that they were small rather than large,making it easier to approach the masses and reflecting the democratic spirit of Soviet power.The study of the history of the administrative divisions of the Central Soviet Area can provide historical reference for the adjustment of the present-day administrative divisions. |
