| Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is a chronic mental illness characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions.Worldwide,the lifetime incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder is 1% to3%.Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are often time consuming,cause excessive anxiety or distress,and even impair the patient’s ability to socialize,work,and learn.Due to the increase of life and social pressure,obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnostic criteria update,increased attention to mental health and obsessive-compulsive disorder,obsessive-compulsive disorder screening rate increased year by year.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Compared with neutral stimuli,patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder allocated more attention resources to the threat stimuli associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.The excessive attentional bias of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder to symptom-related threats may play an important role in the generation and development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.However,existing studies on the attentional bias of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are still controversial in two aspects:(1)Whether individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder have excessive attentional bias to compulsive threat stimuli has not been reached;(2)It is still controversial which one or several components are reflected in the attentional bias of obsessive-compulsive individuals towards threatening stimuli.Therefore,this study continued to explore the attentional bias of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder to symptom-related threats.Considering the high heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the interference of the comorbidity,medication and psychotherapy of patients on the experimental results,this study selected high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals as participants,and selected OCD contamination-threat scene pictures and face-aversion pictures as materials related to obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms.In order to test whether high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals have abnormal attention bias to OCD contamination-threat stimuli,a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(group: high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency group,low obsessive-compulsive washing tendency group)×3(detection stimulus position: OCD contamination-threat position,neutral position,baseline position)was adopted in the scene picture dot-probe task in study 1.The results showed that:(1)the attention bias score and attention disengagement score of the HOC group were significantly greater than 0;(2)The attention disengagement score of the LOC group was significantly greater than 0;(3)The attention bias score and attention disengagement score of the HOC group were significantly higher than those of the LOC group.Attention Bias Modification(ABM)is a cognitive bias intervention technique designed to alter an individual’s negative attention pattern by shifting attention from symptom-related information to positive or neutral information.In recent years,studies on attention bias training for anxiety patients,depression patients and other groups show that ABM has good intervention potential:(1)ABM can change the individual attention pattern and correct the negative attention bias;(2)ABM can improve negative emotions;(3)ABM can improve the individual’s behavioral response.There are three problems in the existing ABM research on compulsive individuals:(1)The number of studies is small;(2)There are few studies to explore the influencing factors of training effect;(3)There is no study on the effect of attentional bias training on the aversion of high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals.Therefore,in study 2,a modified dot-probe paradigm was used to conduct attentional bias training on high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals,and the intervention effect of ABM on high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals was investigated.In order to explore the influence of ABM training times on attention bias,a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(group: ABM group,control group)×3(time: before training,after 1 training,after 8training)was used in study 2A.After one training session and eight training sessions,the scene picture dot-probe task was used to measure the attention bias of the participants.After the attention bias measurement at the end of the eighth training,the subjects were asked to fill in the PI-C,BDI-II,SAS,DS.The results showed that:(1)The main effect of the time was significant on the attention bias score.Specifically,compared with before training,the attention bias scores of the participants were significantly reduced after 1 and 8 training,while there was no significant difference between the attention bias scores after 1 and 8 training.(2)The main effect of time was significant in attention disengagement score.Specifically,attention disengagement score in both groups after 8training sessions was significantly lower than that before training;There was no significant difference in attention disengagement scores between the two groups after one training.Other main effects and interaction effects were not significant.(3)The scale results after 8 training showed that the scores of PI-C,BDI-II and DS of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the pre-test,but there was no significant difference in the scores of the two groups in the post-test;There was no significant difference between participants’ SAS scores before and after training.In order to explore whether the improvement effect of scene image ABM task on attentional bias can be transferred to emotional face pictures,a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(group: ABM group,control group)×2(time: After 1 training and 8 training)was used in study 2B.Both groups were asked to complete the dot-probe task of emotional face after 1 training and 8training,respectively.The results showed as follows:(1)After completing one task,there was no significant difference between 0 and attentional bias score and attentional disengagement score in ABM group;In the control group,the attentional bias score and attentional disengagement score were significantly greater than 0.The attentional bias score and attentional disengagement score in ABM group were significantly lower than those in control group.(2)After completing 8 tasks,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the attention bias index of aversion bias and0,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.The two studies reached the following conclusions:(1)Obsessive-compulsive individuals showed abnormal attention bias to OCD contamination-threat pictures,which was reflected in the difficulty of getting away from OCD contamination-threat stimuli.(2)Attention bias modification has an intervention effect on HOC individuals: Attention bias modification effectively corrected the attention bias of HOC individuals to OCD contamination-threat scenes by promoting disengagement from it;Multiple attentional bias modification effectively improved participants’ obsessive-compulsive washing symptoms,depressive symptoms and aversion sensitivity.(3)The training times of ABM affected the participants’ attentional bias: Both single and eight ABMs effectively corrected the attention bias of high obsessive-compulsive washing tendency individuals to OCD contamination-threat scenes by promoting disengagement from it.Both single and eight ABMs had an immediate correction effect on the attention bias.With the increase of ABM training times,the individual’s attention vigilance level to OCD contamination-threat gradually increased,and the difficulty of attention disengagement gradually decreased.(4)The effect of ABM on attentional bias is transferable,and the correction effect of scene image ABM on individual’s attentional bias can be partially transferred to face aversion images.Both the ABM task and the control task had a migratory effect on attentional bias.Moreover,the migration effect occurred earlier in the ABM group than in the control group. |
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