Research On Changes In Rural Teacher Training Policies During The Era Of National Government Of Nanjing

The training of rural teachers is the key to improving the quality of rural teachers and the lifeblood of the development of rural education in countries.The rural teacher training policy plays an important role in guaranteeing the training of rural teachers,which ensures the overall direction of rural teacher training and provides policy support for the steady development of rural teacher training.During the period of the Nanjing National Government,based on the understanding of the importance of rural teacher training to the development of rural education,the National Government regarded strengthening rural teacher training as an important topic of rural education policy,strongly promoted the construction and improvement of rural teacher training policies,and continued to promote the implementation of rural teacher training policies,which not only showed the intention of exploring the localization training policy of rural teachers,but also had an important historical impact on the promotion of rural education construction by the National Government.Exploring the historical clues of the changes in rural teacher training policies during the period of Nanjing National Government,and summarizing the experience and lessons of the development of rural teacher training policies during the period of Nanjing National Government,not only have important academic value for enriching and deepening the history of modern rural education,but also have important practical enlightenment significance for the construction of current rural teacher training policies in China.Based on this,this paper takes the laws,regulations and policy texts on rural teacher training promulgated by the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1949 as the research object,systematically sorts out and analyzes the policy background,content and effectiveness of rural teacher training policies in different historical periods of Nanjing National Government,summarizes its development characteristics and shortcomings,and explore the historical implications of the changes in rural teacher training policies during the 22 years of the Nanjing National Government for the construction of rural teacher training policies in China today,with a view to providing historical references for innovating the future rural teacher training paths and improving the rural teacher training system in China from the policy level.The thesis includes five parts:The introduction part of the paper mainly explains the problem proposal,the definition of core concepts,literature review,the purpose and significance of research,the content,ideas and methods of research,research focus,difficulties and innovation points,so as to provide a foundation for the development of research.The first part of the main text sorts out and analyzes the initial rural teacher training policies of the Nanjing National Government.In the early period of the Nanjing National Government(1927-1937),the rural teacher training policy derives from the context of the policy expectation of rural autonomy and universal compulsory education,the investment increase in rural education and rural teacher training funds,the conscious development of the concept of localized training of rural teachers,and the number of rural teachers is lacking and the professional level is low.The policy is reflected in the government’s establishment of specialized educational institutions to train rural teachers,and the initial standardization of the training curriculum,internship and graduation services for teacher trainees,and qualification testing for teacher appointments,as well as the promotion of rural teachers’ further education in various ways.During this period,the rural teacher training policy formed an independent rural teacher training system,which promoted the implementation of rural compulsory education nationwide and the transformation of traditional school teachers into rural teachers.The second part of the main text analyzes the rural teacher training policies during the period of the Anti-Japanese War.The rural teacher training policy during the period of the All-out Anti-Japanese War(1937-1945)was developed under the background of wartime county government reform changing the demand for teacher training,wartime education funds to compensate for deviations and shortcomings to cope with teacher shortages,and wartime culture-oriented innovation of teacher training concepts.The rural teacher training policy during this period enabled the wartime rural teachers to be retained and expanded on a large scale,promoting the development of wartime national education and the cause of resistance and the transformation of rural teachers’ identity to national teachers.The third part of the main text compares and analyzes the rural teacher training policy after the victory of the war against the war.The policy of training rural teachers after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War(1945-1949)was developed under the background of domestic political turmoil,shortage of education funds,exhaustion of education,and loss of popular support due to ideological chaos.The policies include the establishment and restoration of rural teacher training schools,the unified management of teacher training student internships and graduation services,the mandatory implementation of teacher qualification testing,and the improvement of the rural teacher retraining system.During this period,the rural teacher training policy temporarily restored the scale of rural teacher training,and the post-service training institutions of rural teachers were developed.The fourth part of the text reviews the rural teacher training policy during the period of Nanjing National Government and analyzes its historical enlightenment to the current rural teacher training policy in China.From the perspective of the historical changes of rural teacher training policies during the period of Nanjing National Government,rural teacher training policies showed different characteristics in different historical development periods due to the influence of specific backgrounds.On the whole,it mainly presents the following three characteristics.In terms of system construction,the rural teacher training policy system is gradually perfected.As for the value orientation,from single education value to multiple value orientation.In terms of goal orientation,from the expansion of cultivation quantity to focus on quality.From the perspective of rural teacher training policies during the period of Nanjing National Government,there are also limitations such as deviation in policy planning and implementation,ambiguity and generalization of policy expression,and separation of policy content before and after service.Based on this,the improvement and perfection of the current rural teacher training policy can be polished by promoting the systematization of rural teacher training policies,strengthening the implementation effect of rural teacher training policies,clarifying the value orientation of rural teacher training policies,and emphasizing the exploration of localization of rural teacher training policies.