| Written by Chu Tzu,Xiao Jing Kan Wu(孝经刊误)was intended to transform Xiao Jing(孝经)and bring it into Chu Tzu’s neo-Confucianism(理学)system.On the one hand,this book marks the maturity of Chu Tzu’s neo-Confucianism,on the other hand,it is an important turning point in the study history of Xiao Jing,so it has quite important value.This research aims to sort out Chu Tzu’s so-called"mistakes",and then analyze them by combining the whole text of Xiao Jing and its classical annotations,so as to discuss the influence of Kan Wu(刊误):on the one hand,compare the understanding of the relationship between Chung(忠)and Xiao(孝)before and after Kan Wu,so as to see the confusion between the two.On the other hand,we pay attention on the transformation and stereotype of Xiao Jing into a textbook for Mongolian studies after Kan Wu.Chu Tzu’s writings on Xiao Jing are quite numerous.In addition to Kan Wu,he involved Xiao Jing in the process of talking with his disciples and correspondence with his friends.From the chronological point of view,these works are basically before Kan Wu,so this book can be a final product of Chu Tzu’s long-term thinking about Xiao Jing.The book itself was influenced by multiple factors:on the one hand,it was related to the"doubt of classics"in the Song Dynasty and Mencius(《孟子》)replaced Xiao Jing as a"concurrent classics"subject;On the other hand,it is the accompanying product of Chu Tzu’s revision of Four Books(四书),especially Ta Hsüeh(《大学》).Specifically,the"mistakes"pointed out by Chu Tzu in Kan Wu can be divided into the following three aspects:First,the"mistakes"in the publication of Xiao Jing.In Chu Tzu’s view,only the first part of Xiao Jing was recorded by Tseng Tzu’s disciples during the conversation between Confucius and Tseng Tzu,and the rest was added by later Confucian scholars,so the author of Xiao Jing could not be Confucius.He rearranged the passages in Xiao Jing,with the former(the part recorded by disciples of Tseng Tzu)as the scripture and the latter as the attached text,which corresponds to the scripture and is used to explain the scripture;Second,the"mistakes"of the versions of Xiao Jing.Xiao Jing has always been divided into modern and ancient versions,but the difference is not very big.Chu Tzu thinks that both versions are suspicious and wrong;Third,the"mistakes"in the text of Xiao Jing.Chu Tzu’s greatest criticism of Xiao Jing lies in the text.He pointed out the"mistakes"in three parts and put forward the revision methods:First,the segregation and enhancement of the scripture.It refers to the addition of"Zi Yue"(“子曰”)and quotations from Shih(《诗》)and Shu(《书》)to the scripture,which Chu Tzu deleted.Second,the disorder of the attached text.It means that the attached text was copied from Tso Chuan(《左传》)and does not correspond to the scripture,so Chu Tzu adjusted the order of the chapters of the attached text.Finally,the attached text is unreasonable.Chu Tzu chose to delete some contents of the attached text that were inconsistent with the main idea of the scripture.However,the "mistakes" put forward by Chu Tzu actually stem from his misunderstanding,and then we are going to analyze these according to Kan Wu: First,the publication of Xiao Jing.Although the author of Xiao Jing can’t be defined as Confucius,its content is closely related to Confucius’ thought,and it can’t be written by later Confucian scholars.Also,Chu Tzu chose to interpret Xiao Jing with scripture and the attached text,which actually did not show its applicability.Second,the versions of Xiao Jing.Chu Tzu did not deeply understand the chapterdividing logic and interpretation of different versions,but made changes flatly without giving a reliable explanation,which was inappropriate;Third,the text of Xiao Jing.Sentences in Xiao Jing quoted from Shih and Shu are highly compatible with the corresponding texts.Some contents that were "copy" from Tso Chuan are not abrupt in the context of their original texts,but are only the differences between abstract expressions and historical facts.However,there are many loopholes in Kan Wu,such as no correspondence between scripture and the attached text.As for unreasonable of the text,it is what Chu Tzu imposed on,which is naturally contrary.From this,we can know the mistakes of Kan Wu.In addition,Chu Tzu and his thoughts had a great influence in Yuan,Ming,Qing Dynasties and even today.Kan Wu directly shapes the perspective of later scholars’ understanding of Xiao Jing,which has become the main or even the only way to understand Xiao Jing for scholars in Yuan and Ming Dynasties,and scholars in Qing Dynasty can’t escape to discuss it at first.Specifically,the influence of Kan Wu can be divided into two aspects: first,it is an important turning point in the discussion of Xiao and Chung in Xiao Jing.Kan Wu denies that Xiao is the foundation of all virtues,and there is no difference between Xiao and Chung.This kind of interpretation that ignores the original text and the annotations of Han and Tang Dynasties has been deduced by scholars after Chu Tzu,and finally leads to the complete confusion of Xiao and Chung;Second,change the research tone of Xiao Jing.Xiao Jing has become a textbook for children’s education since the publication of Kan Wu.From the above,we can see its great influence. |
