The Evolution Of County Power Structure Under The Background Of “New County System” (1946-1949)

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the Nanjing National Government strengthened the implementation of the“New county system”,and the County Senate of the provinces were quickly established.At that time,the establishment of the County Senate changed the original power structure of the national government’s grass-roots party,government and league organizations,causing a greater impact on the local political ecology,the County Senate has become a rising political“Star”.However,the County Senate in the election,the process of operation is not smooth.In1946,the Mianyang County of Hubei Province’s the County Senate election scandal case and Yingshan County’s the county magistrate Chen Hanxiong arrest and kill County Senator Huang Ke case has aroused public opinion,it highlights the confusion in the establishment and operation of the County Senate.Through the analysis of the above cases,it can be seen that the county magistrate’s power was concentrated and strengthened,but the county senate was limited everywhere,and the power was difficult to achieve.According to the system design of the national government,the County Senate and the Kuomintang should have supervised each other with the power of the county government,but because of the influence of many factors such as the war,the present situation at the grass-roots level and so on.As a result,the county magistrate gradually integrates administrative,judicial and military powers,which makes it difficult for the County Senate to effectively supervise and restrict the county magistrate’s power,they often struggle in the county power.The result of Chen Hanxiong’s case and the establishment process of Mianyang County Senate under multi-compromise are the manifestations of this contradiction.Therefore,the system design of the national government is far away from the reality of local governance,and its system alienation under the pressure of war makes“Local autonomy” go further and further away from the road of democracy.Under the“New county system”,the change of county power structure has resulted in the serious situation of disputes,frequent struggles and political internal friction among the grass-roots governments.With the continuous centralization of power county administrators,the county system eventually returned to the“Official” model.