Research On The Frontier Affairs Of Emperor Xuan Of Han Dynasty

Due to the differences in environment and ethnic groups,the Western Han rulers implemented different border policies in different regions and periods.The frontier problems faced by Emperor Xuan of Han mainly came from the northwest frontier,so this paper mainly studies the frontier affairs of the northwest frontier of Emperor Xuan of Han.Before studying the frontier administration of Emperor Xuan,the author probed into the general situation of the frontier administration in the northwest frontier in the early and middle period of the Western Han Dynasty.The frontier administration in the early and middle stages of the Western Han Dynasty was based on Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.The frontier administration before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was mainly based on friendship and bribes.In general,the frontier affairs in the early and middle stages of the Western Han Dynasty mainly focused on five aspects: bribing with relatives,dispatching envoys,military expedition,building fortifications,and immigration.During the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty,the frontier affairs had been inherited and developed,mainly in six aspects: marriage with relatives,setting up "protector of the Western Regions",sending envoys to each other,rewarding tributes,dismissing troops and arranging fields,and military expeditions.Forced expedition is the most powerful method in dealing with frontier issues,but Emperor Xuan did not use military force like Emperor Wu,but was good at finding the right time to strike decisively.Emperor Xuan paid equal attention to both favor and prestige in the formulation and implementation of border policy measures,knowing people well and paying attention to "adapting measures to local conditions".Emperor Xuan tamed the Western Qiang and Xiongnu through the frontier administration of benevolence and power,and used the method of "governing according to customs" to govern them,which greatly maintained the stability of the northwest frontier.The border politics measures during the reign of Emperor Xuan Emperor,which had a profound impact on the later Chinese territory and the formation of the Chinese nation.Since its unification of the Western Regions and the surrender of the Xiongnu to the Western Han Dynasty,it has established an all-round master-subordinate relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty as the main body.In the course of later historical development,even though the scope of the Central Plains’ rule over the frontiers changed constantly,the minority peoples in the frontier still admired the culture of the Central Plains Dynasty,surrendered to the majesty of the Central Plains Dynasty,and finally formed a unified big family of the Chinese nation.