Research On Confucian Temple And School In Anhui In The Qing Dynasty From The Perspective Of “Images-Texts”

Since the Tang and Song dynasties,the“unity of Confucian temple and School”became a customary practice,which was followed until the end of the Qing dynasty.The Qing dynasty preserved a large amount of textual and pictorial material on the Confucian temple and School in Anhui.In this article,on the basis of introducing the locations and sorting out the construction of Confucian temple and School in various prefectures,prefectures and counties,and taking into account the rules and regulations recorded in the chronicles,a map is compiled with the text,with a view to playing the role of complementary evidence between the images and the text.In the Qing Dynasty,The layout of the Confucian temple and School system in Anhui is mainly that temple in front of the school,the site is influenced by geomancy,geography and other factors,there are no specific requirements for building specifications,the scale of the general government school is larger,on the basis of the Ming Dynasty Confucian temple and School continues to develop and improve,all kinds of facilities are more complete,basically meet the needs of teachers and students in learning and living.According to the functions they undertake,they can be divided into three main places:rituals,teaching and educational administration.Dacheng Hall,the two hipped halls and Shongsheng Shrine are the main places where the official standard rituals are held;the famous eunuchs and sages Ancestral Hall carry certain local rituals under the official will.The land shrine,which is commonly found in Anhui temples and schools,is based on the need to bless the students with successful achievement of merit,which is similar to the establishment of Wenchang Pavilion and Kuixing Building.In addition,there are special shrines or combined shrines dedicated to Zhuxi and other great scholars and local eminent eunuchs set up in Confucian temple and School to open up the culture of learning,spread the tradition of Taoism,celebrate virtue and transform folk customs.Teaching was another important function of the Confucian temple and School in Anhui during the Qing dynasty,and most of the pictorial sources record buildings such as Minglun Hall,Zunjing Hall and the Shooting Garden.Minglun Hall was the main place for lectures,but teachers and students could also communicate and study in the shed,and could exercise their shooting skills in the Shooting Garden.The study of Confucian classics and physical exercise were both important,but Confucian temple and School education was gradually reduced to a tool to serve the imperial examinations and the shooting garden was gradually abandoned.Academic Officers were the actual implementers of local Confucian temple and School,and most of the Confucian temple and School premises were built as offices for them to live in.These officials were mostly Confucian students,who had to be selected and the procedures were more standards.The smooth running of Confucian temple and School education is ensured through measures such as lecturing by professors,conducting examinations,formulating school rules and requesting additional school places.The Confucian temple and School education in Anhui during the Qing dynasty were developed and improved with the support of many parties,led by the central and local governments,in addition to two groups of a local nature,the Hui merchants and the Huaijun,who were also involved in the construction of temple schools,supported by their own financial resources,power and value orientation.Actions such as donating money and advocating the building of Confucian temple and School education allowed them to gain higher fame and more say.As a result,the power of the local gentry was continuously increased,and to a certain extent,the authority of the imperial power at the local level was squeezed.In the Qing dynasty,Confucian temple and School education in Anhui had a significant impact on the local community,playing a prominent role in maintaining orthodoxy,cultivating virtues and educating people,and occupying an important place in the history of education in Anhui.