A Study On The Dynamic Trajectory Of Mandarin Chinese Vowels Based On EMA Experiment

The movement of the tongue during pronunciation is closely related to the acoustic performance of speech,.In this study,the NDI Wave electromagnetic articulography was used to collect the data of tongue movement during Mandarin vowel pronunciation.Through observation,measurement and calculation,the following results and conclusions were obtained:(1)It is difficult to form a strict one-to-one relationship between the acoustic properties of vowels and the shape of tongue track during pronunciation,but a one-to-many,many-to-one or many-to-many correspondence relationship.According to the individual differences and choices of the speakers,the same vowel may show different shape of tongue track,and the same vowel may also correspond to different vowels.(2)From the perspective of a monophthong physiological tongue,mandarin of lingual monophthong pronunciation tongue integral can be different according to the dimension before and after,distinguish between the front vowel/i,y/,with other vowels /a,u,(?)/ two clusters.In the former vowel cluster,vowels [y]more than the location of the[i]before,other vowels cluster,no obvious before and after the relationship between vowels.On the tip of the tongue vowels,/(?)/ position than before/(?)/ slightly.In low and high dimensions,distinguish between vowels is not so obvious,but can still be roughly distinguish between high vowels /i,y/ and low vowel /a,u/.Vowels [(?)] in the high and low dimension is not shown on the fixed position.Within each vowel cluster,it is difficult to find the absolute fixed position relationship between individual vowels,but relatively speaking,it can roughly correspond to the acoustic vowel position.(3)The tone has a significant effect on vowel pronunciation.When the same speaker pronounces different vowels,different tones correspond to different tongue positions.When the same vowel is pronounced,different tones correspond to different lingual positions,which are one-to-many,many-to-one or many-tomany.For the same vowel,the Yin flat tone has the highest and most forward tongue position,and the upper tone has the lowest and last tongue position.The difference between the Yang flat tone and the de-tone is not obvious relatively,and the front and rear high and low positions are also between the Yin flat tone and the upper tone.But in addition,the same tone has different effects on different vowels,with different degrees of significance.(4)Different factors have different influences on the distance of tongue movement during vowel pronunciation.The effect of different tones is relatively small,and there is no statistical difference,which may be related to the partial movement of the tongue before the vocal cord vibration.Vowels the effects of the different,/ (?),(?),(?) / moving distance of the tongue body is most obvious,and the influence of / i,y / will cause certain influence./ a,u / almost had no effect.In the same tone,same vowel environment,the gender of the speaker has no statistically significant influence on the distance of tongue movement.When gender factors interact with specific vowels,the influence is more significant.Especially pronunciation men and / i,(?),(?) / vowel interact more significant difference.However,its significance is weaker than the effect of different vowels.(5)/i-/ /y-/ head vowel can make the main vowel pronunciation tongue moving forward,and the/i-/ the impact of greater than /y-/;/u-/ head vowel can make the main vowel pronunciation tongue back./-n/terminal to make the main vowel pronunciation tongue moving forward,/-(?)/ terminal to make the main vowel pronunciation tongue move backward;/-i/ terminal to make the main vowel pronunciation tongue moving forward,and its impact than /-n/ impact./-u/terminal to make the main vowel pronunciation tongue move for higher ground,and the impact of less than/-(?)/ terminal.When the two work together,the final plays a greater role in the position of the tongue position of the main vowel.In with nasal terminal vowels,/-n / terminal and /-(?)/ terminal is divided into two distinct from the cluster./-u / terminal /-(?)/ terminal tongue more after partial pronunciation.Without considering the effects of nasal terminal,head vowel’s influence on the main vowel pronunciation tongue is roughly in accordance with the / i-/ / y-/ / u-/ order to the former.Head vowel and terminal for the influence of compound vowel pronunciation tongue also depends on the nature of the main vowel itself,vowel [(?)] vacillation has stronger,its pronunciation tongue is relatively fixed,so compared with vowels [a],it is strongly influenced by head vowel terminal.(6)The dynamic articulation trajectory of the diphthong largely depends on the position of the unit sound corresponding to the diphthong in the physiological articulation space.The dynamic articulatory trajectories of diphthongs with nasal endings are different.The tongue position of anterior nasal endings is the highest and most anterior,while the whole tongue body of posterior nasal endings is raised.There are some differences in dynamic trajectories among different speakers.