| Guided by the theories of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,this thesis focuses on the British city of Manchester,and uses research methods such as literature review,case study,historical analysis,etc.to sort out the development and changes of Manchester working-class sports activities in the whole industrial era of 1769-1939 from the perspective of historical development,At the same time,this paper investigates and analyzes the most representative workers’ sport project in Manchester in the industrial era,reveals the reasons for the formation of Manchester’s working-class sports activities and the characteristics of the project,explains the influence of the working class on the development of modern sports,and the practical enlightenment brought by the formation and development of working-class sports activities.In addition to the preface,the main body of the article is divided into three parts:Part Ⅰ: Sporting customs in the rural society of Manchester City in the preindustrial era.Since the sporting customs of the pre-industrial countryside are inextricably linked to the modern sports of the industrial era,the first chapter is devoted to the countryside,as a way of concretely comparing the evolution of living space,production methods,and sports.Part Ⅱ: Changing Urban Spaces and Working-class sports activities in Manchester(1769-1939).By dividing the industrial era into three historical periods,namely 1769-1831,1832-1882,and 1883-1939,this part looks at the historical development of workers and also examines the city map to see the changes in urban space and to grasp the growth and evolution of sports space in the public space of the city.The focus is on the continuation and change of the sporting customs of the pre-industrial era,the process of "sportization",and the formation and development of the workers’ sport.Part Ⅲ: Analyze,refine,and summarize the causes,characteristics,and inspiration of working-class sports activities,as well as the influence of the working class on the development of modern sports.Friedrich Engels points out that England in the 1 9 th century was not a special case of human society,and the significance of exploring the condition of the working class in England is more than accidental.In Manchester,the influence of modern industry on the working class reached its fullest and most complete development,and here the industrial proletariat appeared in its most typical form.Therefore,exploring the causes,characteristics,and practical insights of working-class sports activity in Manchester helps us to rationalize the logic of history,set out a legitimate strategy,and shape future development.The study found that:(1)The causes of the working-class sports activities include: the discipline of the property class promoted the formation of the working-class sports activities;Low requirements for venue norms and easy access to sports equipment have became the basis for the formation of working-class sports activities;workers’ desire to win fame and respect drove workers to engage in sports competitions;the demand for labor reproduction forces workers’ collectives and regulations and laws helped working-class sports activities participation from both internal and external aspects.(2)The characteristics of working-class sports activities include: the popularization of sports events;the clustering of sports interactions;and the new ritualization of sports activities.(3)The influence of the working class on the development of modern sports: The participation of the working class broadened the traditional boundaries of the sports field,broke the rules of the game of "gentlemen’s sports",and pushed the development of modern sports beyond the direction of elite sports to a wave of popularization and professionalization.(4)The revelations of the formation and development of working-class sports activities include: the modernization of sports is the modernization of people;sports coupled various classes of people;working-class sports culture is the people’ s sports culture. |
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