A Study Of Foreign Official Student Enrolment Under The National Academy Of The Qing Dynasty

As the highest institution of higher learning in the country,the Imperial College of the Qing Dynasty was always committed to cultivating outstanding talents as reserve candidates for the central government officials.The Imperial College of the Qing Dynasty also developed and innovated on the basis of inheriting the Imperial College of the Ming Dynasty.It not only opened the official School of the Eight Banners for the children of the Eight Banners,but also specially opened the official School of the Eight Banners and the Russian School of the Ryukyu and the Russian students coming to China under the doctor’s hall and the file room,thus strengthening the political contact between the Qing Dynasty and the two countries through soft cultural exchange.The first part of this paper firstly combs the situation of foreign vassals studying in China before the Qing Dynasty.There have been records of foreign students studying in China since the Western Han Dynasty and it reached a peak in the Tang Dynasty.The open style and splendid civilization of the Tang Dynasty attracted the neighboring countries to send students to study,among which the Japanese emissary was the most.The second peak was reached in the Ming Dynasty,when the rulers of the unified Ming Dynasty adhered to the foreign culture and education concept of "promoting virtue while being gentle and distant" and supported neighboring countries to send students,including the Ryukyu Kingdom at that time.In the second part of this paper,the system background of enrollment of official students in Ryukyu in Qing Dynasty and the selection,training and dispatch of official students are analyzed.In order to consolidate suzerain-vassal relations centered on itself,the Qing Dynasty inherited the policy of supporting foreign vassals to enroll in China from the Ming Dynasty.On this basis,it further improved the procedures and steps for studying abroad,and set strict rules on the number and frequency of dispatch to Ryukyu.The third part of this paper analyzes the system background of Russian official students and the selection,training and dispatch of official students.Since the Qing Dynasty,Russia and China have been close because of territorial disputes.For political purposes,Russia volunteered to send students to study in China,and improved the dispatch system once every ten years.The fourth part of this paper introduces the study and life of Ryukyu official students and Russian official students in Imperial College.By comparison,it can be found that there are obvious differences in the study attitude and living treatment of overseas students in the two countries.By comparison,official students in Ryukyu receive more care and live more freely.The fifth part of this paper introduces the historical contribution of Ryukyu official students and Russian official students to their own country after their return.