Zhou Zuoren And His Opponent

As the only memoir of Zhou Zuoren,"Memoirs of Zhitang" has great historical value and is very important for the advancement of Zhou Zuoren’s research.It not only systematically presents Zhou Zuoren’s life experiences and ideological changes in different periods,but also provides us with a personal perspective on how Zhou Zuoren viewed himself,his contemporaries and even society,and is an important research material for studying the history of Zhou Zuoren’s interactions.In this paper,we take the "Memoirs of Zhitang" as the center of our investigation,and select four typical events from the various debates surrounding Zhou Zuoren in the 1920 s and 1930 s to discuss and clarify the cultural context behind Zhou Zuoren’s debates with others,and explore the transformation of Zhou Zuoren’s thought during this period.This paper presents the debate between Zhou Zuoren and others in four chapters.The body of this paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter focuses on the polemics on "freedom of religion" between Zhou Zuoren and Chen Duxiu during their protest against the "Non-Christian League" movement in the 1920 s.On the basis of the history of their relationship,the chapter focuses on their essays,the essays of other participants,and the compilation and interpretation of relevant historical materials to present the transformation of their thinking.In addition,the reasons for the controversy between Zhou Zuoren and Chen Duxiu,as well as the ideological and historical significance and value of the controversy,are explored in the light of their views on religion during the May 4th New Culture Movement.The second chapter focuses on the "gossip incident" between Zhou Zuoren and Chen Yuan,represented by the modern criticism group from 1925 to 1926,and focuses on the polemics between Zhou Zuoren and Chen Yuan.This chapter explores the similarities and differences between intellectuals of the same and different faction,combining historical events such as the "Women’s Normal University Event" and the "March 18th" massacre,as well as the controversy between modern critics and Lu Xun,and explores the transformation and "transcendence" of Zhou Zuoren’s ideology after experiencing the "gossip incident",presenting its three-dimensional image.The third chapter focuses on the controversy between Zhou Zuoren and Hu Shi on "civilization" during the "purge of the Communist Party" in 1927.In comparing and analyzing their ideas and personalities,the chapter explores the different attitudes of the two liberal intellectuals towards the "purge of the Communist Party";finally,on the basis of their comparative analysis,it focuses on their different life paths after the polemics.The fourth chapter focuses on the polemics between Zhou Zuoren and left-wing youth such as Hu Feng caused by his "fifty self-life poem" in 1934.Firstly,it analyzes and interprets the "fifty self-life poem" and the chorus poems of Cai Yuanpei and others,presenting the life state of mainstay who were active in the "New Culture Movement" after the ebb of the "May 4th Movement";Secondly,focusing on the criticism of left-wing youths such as Hu Feng on Zhou Zuoren’s "fifty self-life poem",and combining with the defense articles of Lin Yutang and others,to explore the ideological confrontation between Chinese liberal intellectuals and left-wing youths in the 1930s;Finally,based on Zhou Zuoren’s attitude in this polemics,we will deeply explore his thoughts and attitude towards life.In the concluding part,through the overall observation of the four polemics,it is concluded that the polemics between Zhou Zuoren and Chen Duxiu,Chen Yuan,and others was "not that scholars despised each other",but rather an intuitive manifestation of his ideological transition from "impetuous and vigorous" to "depressed" after the May 4th Movement.