Research On The Peasant Association Of Shanxi New Area In Land Reform,1947-1950

The peasant associations led by the CPC have different tasks in different historical periods.During the land reform period,the rural farmers’ association and the task force dispatched by the Communist Party of China jointly acted as the legal executive organ of land reform.The two coordinated and cooperated with each other to carry out work,propagandize and explain the land reform policy of the CPC,inspire and guide farmers to complain,carry out class division,requisition and distribution of land and other work,so that the land reform policy of the Communist Party of China can be smoothly implemented.Taking the farmers’ associations in the land reform of Shanxi New Area as a case,this paper attempts to investigate the construction and operation of the farmers’ associations in the land reform of Shanxi New Area,with a view to further exploring how the Communist Party of China can reconstruct the rural society through the land reform.The land situation in Shanxi New Area is complex: most of central Shanxi and some areas in southern Shanxi have implemented the "military agricultural integration" system,which has broken the rural land ownership relationship;Another part of the region has carried out "rent and interest reduction" and land reform;In some areas,feudal land ownership was maintained.In the face of the above complex situation,whether the experience of land reform in the old areas is applicable to the new areas,how to establish the new area farmers’ associations and how to ensure their effective operation have become issues that the CPC has to consider.Compared with the old area and semi old area farmers’ associations,the new area farmers’ associations have a more mature system maintenance,no matter from the establishment,operation or adjustment.After the land reform policy of the Communist Party of China was made clear,with the help of the task force,the peasant associations with activists as the backbone were organized.The farmers’ association in the new area has made clear requirements for membership conditions,selection procedures,organizational discipline,etc.At the same time,the work of the farmers’ association in Shanxi New Area during the land reform period is relatively complex,whether it is the early division of class composition,the expropriation and distribution of land,or the late land reform to participate in the party building,the farmers’ association are involved in or lead.With the gradual advancement of land reform,the peasant associations also exposed various shortcomings in the process of operation:separation from the masses,"door closing" and other phenomena occur from time to time.Under the supervision of the masses and the higher authorities,the farmers’ associations carried out organizational and ideological rectification to ensure the smooth progress of land reform in the New Area.As a mass organization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,the farmers’ association in Shanxi New Area was once superior to the rural regime and became the highest authority in the countryside during the land reform period.With the end of the land reform,the rural Party branch,the People’s Congress and the rural political power were gradually established.The poor peasant league,members of the peasant association,and activists in the land reform movement became the backbone of the rural political power.As a result,the CPC completed the reconstruction of the rural society and successfully realized the "regime to the countryside".At this time,the temporary farmers’ association also completed its historical mission and left the historical stage immediately.